128 GLANDERS 



disease is one which is very easily detected by examina- 

 tion of the upper part of the cavity of the nostril ; yet 

 I have, nevertheless, experienced many instances in 

 which veterinary surgeons, having given an erroneous 

 opinion, have condemned horses (old ones, of course) 

 to be destroyed for glanders, when all the time they 

 have not been suffering from anything of the kind. 

 For instance, there are larvae of certain flies which, 

 having crawled up the nostril and lodged themselves in 

 the upper part of the cavity of the nose, produce 

 intense pain and irritation, and cause the eyes and 

 nose to run with water and matter. Doubtless, this 

 may have the appearance of glanders, but the cause is 

 easily removable by a competent veterinary surgeon. 

 The sinus — which is above the eye — must be opened, 

 the opening being made on that part of the frontal 

 bone which lies between the eye and the pit above the 

 latter. The opening beino;- syringed with warm water 

 will afford instant relief to the animal. 



Should any n-.atter be present in the frontal sinus, or 

 in any part of the cavity of the nose, it will appear 

 mixed with the water, and such a condition will indicate 

 that the horse is suffering from glanders. 



If, however, the water appears mingled with blood 

 and mucus, or is discoloured, no disease exists. The 

 thick, creamy consistency of the pus, its sinking in 

 water, and its capability of being perfectly, although 

 not readily, mixed with water, will serve to distinguish 

 it from the natural running from the nose, which is 

 ropy, lighter than water, and when mixed with it 

 preserves a stringy appearance. The above is the 

 simplest method of distinguishing between the matter 

 which is formed by glanders and that which is natural. 



