The remedies which have been successfully employed to prevent 

 the injury of the plum crop by this larvae are two, i. e., (1) that of 

 jarring the trees and catching the insects and affected fruit in a sheet 

 stretched on a frame or spread ou the ground and destroying them, 

 and (2) that of planting the trees in the limits of poultry yards. 

 The first remedy cannot be applied to the apple tree ou account of 

 its size. The second has proved successful in saving the plum crop, 

 and would undoubtedly be as successful with the apple, but the fowls 

 should be numerous enough to not only catch the insects when they 

 come from the ground, but also to let none of the larvae escape when 

 they come from the fallen fruit to go into the ground. Perhaps a 

 more sure preventive would be, in addition to the at)0ve, to have the 

 fruit destroyed by pasturing swine in the orchard in sufficient numbers 

 to eat all of the fi'uit as soon as it drops. 



The apple crop is also very much injured by the larvae of the cod- 

 ling moth, mentioned above, which has been common for a long time, 

 and the Apple Maggot, (Tripeta pomonella), which has only done 

 serious damage within the past five years. The latter injures the 

 fruit by making burrows in the flesh, many larvae or maggots often 

 working in the same apple. 



The eggs are laid by a small fly somewhat resembling the common 

 house fly — but not more than one-half its size — through a small open- 

 ing in the skin of the apple made with its ovipositor. It shows 

 especial liking for the thin-skinned, mild, sub-acid or sweet summer 

 or autumn varieties, but also attacks some winter varieties. 



Its ravages have become so extensive in some localities that prompt 

 measures must be taken for its extermination or it may work the total 

 destruction of the apple crop. 



The practice of pasturing swine in the summer is being recommen- 

 ded, and practiced by many of our leading farmers and stock-breeders 

 and the orchardist, must combine to a certain extent this branch of 

 business with his own if he would be successful, for the destruction 

 of the fruit as it falls from the tree is the only safe and sure remedy 

 now known to prevent injury by these three insects. 



S. T. MAYNARD, 



Professor of Botany and Horticulture, 

 Massachusetts Agricultural College. 



