8 



that the plant is completely wet, but not flooded. Perhaps a practical 

 measure of the proper amount of a fungicide to be applied to a plant 

 may be obtained by stopping as soon as the plant is wholly wet, and 

 hejore the solution begins to drip from it. In order to insure a fine 

 and even spray and economy of materials, especial care should be 

 used in securing proper 



Nozzles. The ordinary spraying nozzles used with hose or with 

 small hand pumps are utterly unsuited to this purpose. The best 

 form is, perhaps, that known as the Vermorel nozzle, which is 

 furnished with several of the pieces of apparatus to be described 

 later, or may be purchased separately. It is shown in Figs. 2 and 3, 

 following, at the end of the brass rod which is held in the hand of 

 the operator and is known as the spraying lance. This nozzle gives 

 a very fine and steady spray, which may be instantly cut oil, and is 

 the best suited for the Bordeaux mixture, since it has an attachment 

 for promptly freeing it of clogging particles. Another excellent 

 nozzle for the other fungicides described, which are clear solutions, is 

 the Nixon nozzle, shown in Fig. 1. 



Fig. 1. 



Upon the use of these or other equally efficient nozzles, depends 

 very much of the success of treatment with fungicides. 



Pumps. For supplying the necessary pressure to drive the liquid 

 through the nozzle in the form of spray, some form of force pump is 

 necessary. The form chosen must depend on the amount of work to 

 be done' and the character of the -plants to be treated. We may 

 distinguish three general types. The knapsack type is suitable for 

 almost any small job, the importance of which does not justify the 

 purchase of a more expensive apparatus, and is especially adapted 

 to use upon low-growing plants cultivated in hills or rows. These 



