MUSCULA R A TTA CJIMEy TS 



11 



a rule, are simple. The only cervical vertel^ra which presents a bifid spine in all 

 races is the axis; even this may be non-bifid in the Negro, and occasionally in the 

 European. (Owen, Turner, Cunningham.) 



The laminae of the lower cervical vertebrae frequently present over the inferior 

 articular processes distinct tubercles from which fasciculi of the inidtifidus sp'nut 

 muscle arise. They are usually confined to the sixth and seventh vertebrte, but are 

 fairly frequent on the fifth, and are occasionally seen on the fourth. 



Fig. 12. — Peculiar Thoracic Vertebrj;:. 



AN ENTIRE FACET ABOVE; A DEMI- 

 FACET BELOW. IN SHAPE THE 

 BODY RESEMBLES THAT OF A 

 CERVICAL VERTEBRA 



USUALLY A DEMI-FACET ABOVE 

 (SOMETIMES IT HAS A DEMI-FACET 

 BELOW) 



USUALLY AN ENTIRE FACET ABOVE. 

 OCCASIONALLY THIS FACET IS IN- 

 COMPLETE. THE FACET ON THE 

 TRANSVERSE PROCESS IS USUALLY 

 SMALL 



AN ENTIRE FACET ABOVE. NONE 



ON TRANSVERSE PROCESS, WHICH 

 IS SMALL. SOMETIMES IT HAS A 

 WELL-MARKED MAMMILLARY TU- 

 BERCLE. THIS IS THE ANTI-CLINAL 

 VERTEBRA 



N ENTIRE FACET ABOVE; NO FACET 

 ON TRANSVERSE PROCESS. CENTRUM 

 LARGE. INFERIOR ARTICULAR PRO- 

 CESSES TURN OUTWARDS AS IN A 

 LUMBAR VERTEBRA; IT HAS ALSO 

 A WELL-MARKED MAMMILLARY PRO- 

 CESS 



A large number of muscles are attached to the ecrv'ical vertebra'. 



To the atlas : — Rectus capitis anticus minor, rectus capitis posticus minor, 

 rectus capitis lateralis, superior i)bli(iue, inferior oblique, longus colli, splenius 

 colli, intertransversales, levator anguli scapula?. 



To the axis :— Rectus capitis posticus major, inferior ol)li<iue, longus colli, 



