THE HIP-BONE 143 



The upper surface or crest of the pubes is limited externally by the pubic spine, 

 which gives attachment to the outer (inferior) pillar of the external abdominal ring 

 or Pouj>art's hgament. The inner extremity of the crest is the angle of the 

 pubes. Between it and the spine the following structures are attached: — the linea 

 alba, the rectus abdominui, the j^yamidalis, and the conjoined tendon of the internal 

 oblique and tran.-icermlU muscles. The horizontal ramus extends from the body 

 of the pubes to the ilium, forming by its outer extremity the anterior one-fifth of 

 the articular surface of the acetabulum. Its line of jvmction Avith the ilium forms 

 the ilio-pubal ridge. Stretching from this ridge to the pubic spine there is a 

 raised edge cDUtiniiing the ilio-pectineal line. The surface of bone in front of the 

 line is the pectineal surface ; it gives origin to the pectineus muscle, and is limited 

 below by the obturator crest, which extends from the pubic spine to the cotyloid 

 notch. The under surface of the horizontal ramus forms the upper boundary of 

 the obtvu-ator foramen, and i^resents a deep groove for the passage of the obturator 

 vessels and nerve. 



The acetabulum is a circular depression in which the head of the femur is 

 lodged. It consists of an articular and a non-articular portion. The articular 

 portion is circumferential and h(jrseshoe-shaped; the deficienc}' is in the lower 

 segment. The pubes forms one-fifth of the acetabulum, and the ischium two-fifths; 

 the rest is formed by the ilium. In rare instances the pubes may be excluded by 

 a fourth element, the cotyloid bone. The non-articular portion is formed mainly 

 by the ischium, and is continuous below with the margin of the obturator foramen. 

 The articular portion presents an outer rim to which the cotyloid ligament is 

 attached, and an inner margin to which the synovial membrane is connected which 

 excludes the ligamentum teres from the synovial cavity. The opposite angles of 

 the horseshoe-shaped margin which limit the cotyloid notch are united by the 

 transverse ligament, and through the cotyloid foramen thus formed a nerve and 

 vessel enter the joint. 



The obturator (thyroid) foramen is situated between the ischium and pubes. 

 Its margins are thin, and ser\'e for the attachment of the obturator foramen. At 

 the upper and posterior angle it is deeply grooved for the passage of the obturator 

 vessels and nerve. 



Muscles attached to the hip-bone are: — 



Gluteus maximus. Sartorius. 



Gluteus medius. Pectineus. 



Gluteus minimus. Pyramidalis. 



Tensor vaginae femoris. Pyriformis. 



Rectus femoris. Gemellus superior. 



Oljturator externus. Gemellus inferior. 



Obturator internus. Gracilis. 



Latissimus dorsi. Adductor magnus. 



Internal oblique. Adductor longus. 



External oblique. Adductor brevis. 



Transversalis. Levator ani. 



Erector spina*. Coccygeus. 



Multifidus spina'. Transversus perinei. 



Quadratus lumborum. Erector penis. 



IHacus. Compressor urethraj. 



Psoas parvus. Biceps femoris. 



Quadratus femoris. Semitendinosus. 



Accelerator urinte (occasionally). Semimembranosus. 



The ligaments attached to the hip-bone are: — 



Greater sacro-sciatic. Transverse. 



Lesser sacro-sciatic. Round (ligamentum teres). 



Ilio-lumbar. Anterior puliic. 



Anterior sacro-ihac. Posterior pubic. 



Posterior sacro-iliac. Superior pubic. 



Capsular and its accessories. Subpubic. 



Cotyloid. Poupart's. Triangular. 



