460 THE MUSCLES 



Tile levator claviculae arises iVoiii tlie transver.se jtrocesses of the first and second cen'ical 

 vertebrae ; it appears as a disLuemberment of the levator avgtiJi scaj-)ula'. 



It is inserted into the outer half of the daviele. 



Levator glandulae thyroideae. — This muscle arises from the isthmus, but more frequently 

 from the i\yraiuidal process uf the thyroid body. 



It is inserted into the anterior .surface of the body of the hyoid bone. Frequently it is con- 

 nected with the thyro-hyoid muscle, and occasionallj^ with the sterno-thyroid. 



The mento-hyoideus is a slip of muscle which arises from the body of the hyoid bone. 

 Sometimes it consists of two parallel slips. 



It is inserted into the symphysis superficial to the mj'lo-hyoid muscle. 



The mylo-glossus, a small accessory .slip of the stj'lo-glossus, arises from the angle of the 

 mandible, or from the stylo-maxillarj' ligament. 



It is inserted into the side of the tongue between the stylo- and h3'o-glossus muscles. [For 

 figure, see Wood, Proc. Roy. Soc. vol. xv. p. 52-3.] 



Obliquus inferior accessorius. — A small muscular slip which passes from the inferior rectus 

 to the inferior oblique muscle. 



The occipitalis minor arises from the fascia over the occipital origin of the trapezius and 

 terminates in the fascia over the insertion of the sterno-mastoid. 



The occipito-hyoid arises from the ma.stoid process of the temporal bone and adjacent 

 portion of the superior nuchal line. It passes superficially across the sterno-mastoid near its 

 origin, to be inserted into the hyoid bone near the junction of the cornua with the basi-hyoid, 

 and in close a.ssoeiation with the posterior bellj' of the digai?tric. [Perrin : good figures in Journ. 

 of Anat. and Phtjs. vol. v. pp. 251-3.] 



The occipito-scapular, or rhomboideus occipitalis, arises from the occipital bone on a level 

 with the si)lenius capitis under cover of the trapezius. It passes downwards to be inserted into 

 the posterior border of the scapula at the base of the spine. [For figure, see Wood, Proc. 

 Roil. Soc. vol. XV. p. 521.] 



The opponens hallucis arisen from the oblique adductor of the great toe, and is inserted into 

 the first metatarsal bone. 



The opponens minimi digiti pedis arises from the flexor brevis minimi digiti and is inserted 

 into the fifth metatarsal bone. 



Pectoralis minimus. — A rare muscle which arises fi'om the cartilage of the first rib, and is 

 inserted into the coracoid process. 



The peroneo-calcaneus internus arises from the lower part of the flexor (posterior) surface 

 of the fil:)ula, external to the origin of the flexor longus hallucis. Its tendon passes beneath 

 the internal annular ligament with the tendon of the flexor longus hallucis, to be inserted into the 

 fore part of the inner .surface of the calcaneum. [For figure and reference, see Thane, Proc. 

 An'at. Soc. of Gt. Britain and Ireland, May 1891.] 



The peroneo-tibialis arises from the inner side of the head of the fibula. 



It is in.serted into the upper extremity of the oblique line of the tibia beneath the pop- 

 liteus. 



The peroneus accessorius arisen from the fibula, between the peroneus longus and the pero- 

 neus brevis. and joins the tendon of the longus in the sole of the foot. 



The peroneus quartus arises from the flexor surface of the fibula between the peroneus brevis 

 and flexor longus hallucis. 



It is inserted into the ridge of the cuboid, peroneo-cuboideus, or into the peroneal tubercle 

 of the calcaneum, peroneo-calcaneus externus. 



The peroneus quinti digiti arises from the lower fourth of the fibula under cover of the 

 peroneus brevis. 



It is inserted into the aponeurosis on the extensor surface of the little toe. [Wenzel Gruber 

 has devoted a monograph to this muscle, entitled Musculus Peronei Digiti Y. Berlin, 1886.] 



The petro-pharyngeus arises from the vaginal process of the temporal bone and is inserted 

 into the pharynx. 



The pharyngo-mastoideus arises from the mastoid process and is inserted into the pharynx. 



The pisi-annularis arises from the pisiform bone and is inserted into the annular ligament. 



The pisi-metacarpeus arises from the ]iisiform bone and is inserted into the filth metacarjial. 

 It fref|uently forms part of the abductor minimi digiti. 



The pisi-uncinatus arises from the pisiform bone and is inserted into the hook of the unci- 

 form. 



The popliteus minor arises from the femur to the inner side of the ]>lantaris. 



It is inserted into the posterior ligament of the knee-joint. 



The psoas parvus arises from the bodies of the last thoracic and finst lumbar vertebrae and 

 from the ilisc between them. 



It is inserted by means of a thin flat tendon into the ilio-]iectineal line. This muscle is fre- 

 quently present. 



The pterygoideus proprius ari.'<es fiom the crest on the greater wing of the sphenoid. 



It is inserted into the posterior border of the external pterj'goid plate, and occasionally into 

 the tuberosity of the maxilla. [For figure, see Wagstaffe, Jnurn. of Anat. and Phys. vol. v. p. 

 282.] 



The pterygo-pharyngeus externus arises from the hamular process of the sphenoid bone and 

 is inserted into the pharynx. 



