ABNORMAL MUSCLES 461 



The pterygo-spinous arises from the ahir spine of the sphenoid. 



It is inserted into the posterior margin of the external pterygoid plate. This muscle is some- 

 times replaced bj' linrament. 



The pubo-transversalis arises from the ilio-pectineal line behind the conjoined tendon, and 

 is inserted into the traiisversalis lascia, the aponeurosis of the transversalis muscle or the outer 

 end of the st'niilutiar fold of Douglas. 



Rectus abdominis lateralis. — This muscle consists of vertical fibres passing from the lower 

 ribs to the upper ])art <jf tlie ilium between the oblique abdominal muscles. 



The rectus capitis amicus medius arises from the middle of the anterior surface of the body 

 of the axis near its lower border by means oi'a tendon. As it passes vertically upwards, it bifur- 

 cates, each flesh}' belly being inserteil into the basilar jiroce.ss of the occipital bone immediately in 

 front of the foramen magnum, posterior to the insertion of the rectus capitis anticus major, and 

 internal to that of the rectus capitis anticus minor. [Walsham, Journ. of Anat. and Phys. vol. 

 xviii. p. 461.] 



The rhombo-atloideus arises fi'om the lower cervical or upi)er dorsal spines, superficial to the 

 serratus p(.)sticus superior, and is inserted into the transverse process of the atlas. 



The rotator humeri arises from the under surface and outer border of the coracoid process of 

 the sca}iula. 



It pa.sses across the tendon of the subscapularis, to be inserted into the neck of the humerus, 

 below the lesser tuberosity, and between the in.sertions of the subscapularis and the conjoined 

 tendons of the latissimus dorsi and teres major muscles. 



The rotator humeri is a part of the coraco-brachialis muscle, and is often referred to as the 

 coraco-brachialis superior vel brevis. [For figure, see Wood, Journ. of Anat. and Phys. vol. 

 i. p. 47.] The insertion of this mu.scle is indicated in fig. 125. 



The spheno-pharyngeus arises from the spine of the sphenoid and is inserted into the wall 

 of the pharynx. 



The spinalis cervicis arises from the ligamentum nuchae and the first dorsal spine. It is 

 inserted into the spine of the axis, and occasionally into the spines of the third and fourth cervical 

 vertebrae. 



The sternalis muscle (rectus sternalis) arises from the sheath of the rectus abdominis, or 

 from the tissues covering tlie fifth and sixth costal cartilages. 



The direction of the fibres is very variable. In some cases they are directed oblifiuely out- 

 wards ; in others, they pass vertically upwards to be inserted into the fascia covering the origin 

 of the sterno-mastoid, or into the aponeurosis of the pectoralis major, or into the upper part of 

 the manubrium of the sternum. A sternalis may be present on each side. In some instances 

 they are entirely muscular ; in others, furnished with terminal tendons. [See Jouvii. of Anat. 

 and Phys. vols. i. 240. xviii. p. 208, xix. p. 311.] 



The sterno-clavicularis ai-ises from the front of the manubrium sterni, and is inserted into 

 the clavicle, between the pectoralis major and the costo-coracoid membrane. 



The stylo-auricularis arises from the cartilage of the external auditory meatus and is 

 inserted into the styloid process of the stylo-glossus mu.scle. 



The subscapularis minor arises from the axillary border of the scapula and is inserted into 

 the cap.sular ligament or the adjacent part of the inner margin of the bicipital groove. 



The supraclavicularis anses by a .slender tendon from the upper border of the manubrium 

 of the sternum. It passes outwards, above the .sterno-clavicular joint, behind the sterno-mastoid 

 muscle, to be inserted into the clavicle. When present in both sides, the muscle .sometimes fuses 

 in the middle line. 



Supracostalis. — When this muscle is present it extends from the anterior end of the first 

 to the anterior ends of the third or fourth ribs. It may be connected also with the deep fascia 

 of the neck or the scalene muscles. 



The syndesmo-pharyngeus ai-ises from the lateral thyro-hyoid ligament and is inserted into 

 the mid<lle constrietor. 



The tibialis secundus arises from the back of the tibia below the flexor longus digitorum 

 and is inserted into the back of the capsule of the ankle-joint or into the annular ligament. 



The tibio-fascialis anticus arises from the lower third of the anterior border of the tibia. 



It is inserted into the aniuilar ligament and deep fa.scia. 



Transversus menti. — A muscular band extending between the adjacent borders of the 

 depressor muscles of the lower li]i. 



The transversus nuchae arises from the external occipital protuberance and is inserted into 

 the fascia of the sterno-mastoid. 



The triticeo-glossus arises from the cartilago triticea in the thyro-hyoid ligament. 



It is inserted into the side of the tongue, blending with the posterior fibres of the hyo- 

 glossus. 



The ulnaris quinti digiti arises from the lower part of the ulna or from the extensor carpi 

 ulnaris. It is inserted into the metacarpal bone of the little finger or it may joiu the tendon of 

 the extensor minimi disiti. 



