LYMPHATICS OF ABDOMEN AXD PELVIS 665 



AViirds and l)ac'k\vards to tlie right lateral ligament, where they either perforate the 

 diaphragm and end in the anterior mediastinal glands, or cross its erus and o])en 

 into the coeliac glands or receptaculum chyli. (v) A group from the left half of 

 the left lobe pass througii the left lateral ligament, and join the a^sophageal lym- 

 phatics at the (jesophageal opening of the diaphragm, or pass with the superior 

 gastric lymphatics behind the pancreas to the cadiac glands. Or they may pierce 

 the diaphragm and enter the glands in the anterior mediastinum. 



The superficial lymphatics on the under surface of the liver are arranged 

 as follows: — (i) The greater numl)er converge to the transverse fissure, and thence 

 pass with the deep lym})hatics to the hepatic glands in the gastro-hepatic omentum; 

 (ii) a group from the l)ack of the right lobe pass to the lumbar glands; (iii) a group 

 from the back of the left lol)e join the CESOphageal lym])haties or superior gastric 

 lym{)hatics, and end with them in the coeliac glands; (iv) the lymphatics of the 

 gall-bladder run with the hepatic artery to the hepatic glands in the gastro-hei)atic 

 omentum. 



(b) The deep set of lymphatics run, in part with the portal vein, and in part 

 with the hepatic vein, (i) The portal set emerge at the transverse fissure, and 

 pass with the blood-vessels to the hepatic glands in the gastro-hepatic omentum, 

 (ii) The hepatic set perforate the diaphragm with the inferior vena cava, and, 

 having passed through some small glands round the upper part of that vessel, join 

 the superficial lymphatics from the posterior margin of the liver, and with them 

 run down the thoracic surface of the vertebral portion of the diaphragm to the 

 connnencement of the thoracic duct or receptaculum chyli. 



The hepatic glands are situated in front of the portal vein between the layers 

 of the gastro-hepatic omentum. They receive the deej) portal set of lymphatics, 

 the anterior group of the superficial lymphatics from the convex surface of the 

 liver, most of the superficial lymphatics from the under surface of the liver, and 

 the lymphatics from the gall-bladder. Their efferent vessels proceed to the cceliac 

 glands. 



(4) The lymphatics of the spleen. — The si)lenic lymphatics are arranged in 

 a su])erficial set which ramify beneath the peritoneal covering; and in a deep set, 

 Avhich run with the vessels in the parenchyma of the organ. Both sets unite at 

 thehilum, and terminate in the splenic glands. 



The splenic glands, eight to ten in number, are situated in the hilum of the 

 spleen, and along the course of the splenic artery and vein. They receive the 

 su})erficial and deep lymphatics of the spleen, and the left gastric lymphatics wdiich 

 run with the vasa brevia in the gastro-splenic omentum from the greater end of 

 the stomach. The efferent vessels run behind the peritoneum and pancreas with 

 the splenic artery to the coeliac glands. They are joined on the Avay by the 

 lymphatics of tin- jiancreas. 



(5) The lymphatics of the pancreas consist of a double set, a superficial and 

 a deep. They leave the pancreas along with the vessels derived from the splenic 

 artery, and, j(Mningthe lymphatics of the spleen, end in the coeliac glands. 



(6) The lymphatics of the kidneys ramify, partly on the surface, and partly 

 in the substance of the organ. They unite at the hilum, and run inwards to the 

 central set of luml)ar glands, situated immediately in front of the renal vessels. 

 They receive the lymphatics from the suprarenal bodies and from the upper jiart 

 of the ureters. 



(7) The lymphatics of the ureters end chieHy in the renal lymphatics. Those 

 from the lower part join the posterior vesical set of lym])hati<'S. 



(H) The suprarenal lymphatics leave the su])rarenal l)odies with the supra- 

 renal veins, and join for the most i)art the renal lym]ihati('S in the hilum of the 

 kidneys. A few pass direct into the central luml)ar chain of glands. 



