THE rilARYNX 



951 



fibrous raphe of the pharynx. Some of the lowest fil)res are continuous witli the 

 muscular fibres of the (esoj)hagus, and the upper overlap- the middle constrictor 

 (fig. 5o9a). 



Near the upper border the superior laryn>j;eal nerve and artery }>ierce the thyro- 

 hyoid membrane to reach the larynx. The recurrent huyngeal nerve ascends 

 beneath tlie lower l)order innnediately behind the crico-thyroid articulation. 



The middle constrictor is a fan-shaped muscle which arises from the lesser cornu 

 of the hyoid bone, the whole length of the greater cornu, and from the stylo-hyoid 

 ligament. The diverging filjres are inserted into the median raphe, and blend with 

 those of the opposite side. The lower fi})res of the muscle descend beneath the 

 inferior constrictor to the lower part of the pharynx; the u])])er overlap the superior 

 constrictor, and reach th(! basilar process of the occipital l)one; whilst the middle 

 fibres run transversely (fig. SoOa). 



The glosso-pharyngeal nerve passes downwards above its upper border, thestvlo- 



FiG. 560. — Section showing thi-: Postkriok Wall of the Pharynx, with the Pharyn- 

 geal Bursa, Fauces, etc. 



SECTION THROUGH POSTERIOR 

 PORTION OF BODY OF SPHE- 

 NOID BONE 



Internal carotid drier!/ 



SECTION OF CARTILAGE OF 

 EUSTACHIAN TUBE 



EUSTACHIAN ORIFICE 



SECTION OF EUSTACHIAN _L 

 TUBE "~ 



Tensor palati muscle 



Levator palati muscle 



BUCCAL PORTION OF PHARYNX 



Sphenoidal sinus 



NASAL BONE 



MIDDLE TURBINAL BONE 



PHARYNGEAL BURSA AND NASO- 

 PHARYNX 



INFERIOR TURBINAL BONE 



ANTERIOR PILLAR OF FAUCES 

 TONSIL 





pharyngeus is inserted between it and the superior constrictor, and near its origTu 

 it LS overlai)ped l)y the hyo-glossus and crossed by the lingual artery. 



The superior constrictor is (juadrilateral in sha]>e, |>ale, and thin (fig. o-'jOa ). 

 It arises from the lower third of the hinder edge of the internal ]»tervgoid i)late and 

 its hamular process, from the ptervgo-mandilnilar ligament, from the posterior fifth 

 of the mylo-hyoid ridge of the mandible, and from the side of the tongue. The 

 fibres pass backwards to be inserted into the median ra})he, the highest reaching 

 the pharyngeal spine. The Eustachian tube and the levator palati muscle are 

 ])laced above the sui)erior arched bcu'der, and the space between this and the l)asilar 

 jH'ocess, devoid of muscular fibres^ is strengthened by the ]»haryngeal ai)oncurosis. 

 It is semilunar in shape, and named the sinus of Morgagni. 



The stylo-pharyngeus arises from the base of the styloid process internally. 

 It passes downwards and inwards to reach the ])harynx between the superior and 

 middle constrictors. Its fibres s]trea<l out as it descends beneath the mucous mem- 

 V)rane. At the lower l)order of the superior constrictor some of its fibres join fibres 



