THE LIVER 



981 



Its upper convex surface is in contactt witli llie whole of the right arch of the 

 (liaplirajiiu and a part of the left, as well as with the ril)s and tlie anterior wall of 

 the ahdonien. 



The undi'r surface. — The left lohe li<'S over tlie cardiac end and a |)()rtion of the 

 anterior wall of the stomach. 



The rij^ht lohe lies over tin' hepatic flexure of the colon and ri^lit kidnev, and 

 deseendinii jiortion ()f the duodenum. 



Thi' quadrate lohe lies over the pyloric end of the stomach and lirst part of the 

 iluodenum. 



The posterior surface. — The Spigelian lohe lies against the tenth and eleventh 



Fui. .'jSJ.— i;i:i..VTKi.\s OK TiiK .AnnoMix.vi, Visii;k.v to the P.VKnnics. 'Treves.) 



thoracic vertehrre, the right crus of the dia})hragm, and the lower euil of the 

 fesophagus. That portion of the right lohe which takes i)art in this surface lies 

 against the right suprarenal capsule and dia|)hragni. 



The inferior vena cava lies in a groove in this lohe. The small portion of the 

 left lohe taking ])art in the posterior surface lies against the cesophagus. 



The fundus of the gall hladder is o])posite the ninth costal cartilage, close to 

 the outer margin of the liglit rectus muscle. 



Relation to the peritoneum. — The liver is nceived hetween the layers of the 

 gastro-lu'patic omentum. The niitcrior hii/cr on leaving the transverse lissure ])asses 

 alongtothe anterior horder of the liver, where it meets the rouml ligament, encloses 

 it, and is then continued on to the sui>erior surface in two jioitions. owing to tlie 



