984 THE ORGANS OF DIGESTION 



quadrate lobes on the under surface of the liver. It is of pyriforni outline, and 

 when full is seen projecting l)eyond the anterior border of the liver, coming in 

 contact with the abdominal wall' opposite tlie ninth costal cartilage. It extends 

 back as far as the trans vi>rse tissure. 



It measures in length, from before backwards, from two and a half to four inches 

 (75 to 100 mm.), and an inch and a half (35 mm.) across at the widest i)art, 

 and will hold about one ounce. The broad end of the sac is directed forwards, 

 downwards, and to the right, and is called the fimdm. The narrow end, or neck, 

 Avhich is curved first to the right, then to the left, is at the transverse fissure. The 

 intervening part is called the body. 



Its upper surface is in contact with the liver, lying in the fossa of the gall 

 l)ladder. It is attached to the liver by connective tissue. The lower surface is 

 covered by peritoneum, which passes over its sides and inferior surface, though 

 occasionally it entirely surrounds the gall l^ladder, forming a sort of mesentery to 

 attach it to the liver. The lower surface comes into contact with the first part of 

 the duodenum and hepatic flexure of the colon, and occasionally with the pyloric 

 ends of the stomach or small intestine, which are often post mortem found stained 

 with bile. 



The neck of the gall bladder opens into the cystic duct. This is a tube an inch 

 and a half long (35 mm.) and one-twelfth of an inch wide (2.3 mm.), Avhich 

 unites with the hepatic duct to form the common duct; it is directed backwards 



Fiti. 585. — Sectiox of a Poktal Caxal. (Qiiaiu.) 



Lymphatics in Glissoyi's capsule 



Lymphatics in Glisson's capsule 



Artery 



and to the left as it runs in the lesser omentum, the hepatic artery being to the left 

 and the portal vein behind. It joins the heijatic duct at an acute angle. 



The hepatic duct begins with a branch from each lobe right and left in the 

 transverse fissure, and is directed downwards and to the right in the folds of the 

 lesser omentum, the hepatic artery being to the left. It is not quite two inches 

 long; its diameter is one-fifth of an inch (4 mm.). Uniting Avith the cystic duct, it 

 forms the conrmon hilc duct fductus connnnnis choledochus). 



The common bile duct is about three inches in lengtli. It i)asses down 

 lietween the layers of the lesser omentum, in fi'ont of the portal vein, and to the 

 right of the hepatic artery (fig. 584); it then passes behind the first part of the 

 duodenum, then between the second part and the head of the pancreas, and ends 

 at the lower part of the second segment of the duodenum by opening into that part 

 of the intestine on its left side and somewhat l)ehind (figs. 571, 586, and 587). It 

 pierces the intestinal wall very oblicpiely, running between the muscular layer for 

 about three-quarters of an inch. Tliere is a slight constriction at its termination. 

 The pancreatic duct is united with the conmion liile duct just liefore its termina- 

 tion. There is a sliglit i^aijilla at their ])lace of opening on the nuicous surface of 

 the duodenum. Tliis i)h))illa is aliout four inches from the ])vlorus. After tlie 

 pancreatic duct has cntci'cd tlie l)ile duct there is a dilatation of the common tube 

 called the ampulla of Vater. 



