SECTION IX 



THE URINARY AND REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS 



By WILLIAM ANDEKSUN, IMl.C.S. 



SURGEON TO AND LKCTl'RER ON ANATOMY AT ST. THOMAS'S HOSPITAL; PROFESSOR OF ANATOMY IN THE ROYAL 



academy; EXAMINER IN SURGERY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON AND 



ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS OF ENGLAND 



THE KIDNEYS 



THE fundamental elements of the urinary a^jparatus are the kidneys — two 

 glandular organs situated in the loins behind the peritoneum, each of which 

 is provided with a duct — the ureter — for the passage of the secretion to a 

 reservoir — the bladder — l)y wliich it is periodically expelled from the body 

 throuirh a tube of outlet — the urethra. 



Fig. 607. — PoSTEKo-iXTKRXAL Aspect of the Left Kidney. 



Branches of the renal artery 



Renal rein {a lower brunch it seen 

 below the duct) 



DUCT, showing sui)eriiir ami iiilVrMr 

 pelves with cinnniipn jiclvis ami 

 coniiueiiceuieut of ureter proper 



Physical characters. — The kidney in its typical form is bean-shaped. It is 

 elongated from alxjvc downwards, compressed between its ]iarictal antl abdominal 

 surfaces, and presents at its anterior and internal aspect a cleft, tlie hilum, leading 

 to. a cavity, called the sinus, in which lie the renal vessels, nerves, and duct. The 

 gland in the male avenigts about four and three-cjuarter inches ( 12 cm.) in length, 

 an inch and an eighth in thickness, and weighs about live ounces. The dimen- 

 sions of the female kidnev differ little from those of the male, but its weight is 



1005 



