EYELIDS AND LACHRYMAL A PI' A R ATI'S 



1003 



glands, lashes, and sebaceous follicles. Localised inflammation starting in 

 any of tla'^t' Ihive structures, especially the last, will cause a 'stve.' The fre- 

 quency with which the lid-border is the seat of that most troublesome chronic 

 inflammation, blepharitis, and its result 'blear eye,' is explained l»y these ana- 

 tomical points. Its circulation is terminal and slow; half skin and half mucous 

 membrane, it is moister and more lial)le to local irritation than the skin; while its 

 numerous glands readily participate in any intlanunation. (.S) The conjunctiva. 

 To trace this important membrane, the lids should be everted, when tlie following 

 will be noted. The conjunctiva over the tarsal part of the lid is closely adlierent, 

 and through it, a series of nearly straight, parallel, light yellow lines and granules, 

 the Meibomian glands, can be seen. Beyond the tarsi, the conjunctiva, now p;il- 



FlG. 



668.— Vertical Traxsvkrsk Skctiox TiiKorcJH the Uppkk EvKi,n>. 

 (Alter Wukk-yer aud Fucha.) 



Cutaneous surface just 

 above superior palpe- 

 bral fold 



Orbicularis fibres, out 

 across 



FINE HAiR WITH SEBACEOUS 

 GUND AT ITS BASE 



Orbicularis fibres, cut 

 across 



MODIFIED SWEAT GLANO OF 

 MOLL 





#^ (I 



r- CONJUNCTIVA NEAR FORNIX 



Anterior layer of inser- 

 tion of levator palpe- 

 brae superioris 



Superior palpebral 



muscle of Muller 



Fibres from levator 

 passinK through 

 orbicularis to skin 



Superior ratcular arch, 

 cut across 



WALOEYER'S GUNOS 



Conjunctival papillae 

 over attached border 

 of tarsus 



Posterior edge ot lid- 

 margtn 



OPENING OF DUCT OF 

 MEIBOMIAN GUSO 



pebral, is thicker and freely movable, owing to the abundant submucous tissue. 

 Numerous underlying vessels are visil)le here. Tracing the ct.»njunctiva onwanls 

 over the .sclerotic, the former becomes thinner anil contains very few vessels, any 

 present still moving with it (conjunctival). Occasional vessels seen through the 

 sclerotic conjunctiva are attached to the sclerotic itself (anterior ciliary). At the 

 junction of the palpeliral and ."clerotic conjunctiv£e is the reflexion called the 

 fornix. On this reflexion in the upper lid open the lachrymal ducts. Traced 

 onwards over the cornea, the conjunctiva becomes thinned down to a mere 

 epithelial layer, closely adherent to tlie subjacent parts. 



The differing structure of the )»alpebral and ocular ])ortion has important 

 bearings. Thus the ])aliieViral is thick, highly vascular, and very sensitive. To 



