RELATION OF KIDNEYS TO ABDOMINAL WALLS 



1121 



Aorta and iliac arteries. — The aorta enters the abdomen opposite the last 

 thoracic vertebra (.a point live to six inches above the umbilicus, or rather above 

 the mid-i)oint between the infrasternal depression and the umbilicus (Thane and 

 (iodlee), and thence, lying to the left of the s])ine. divides into the two common 

 iliacs opposite the disc between the third and fourth lumbar vertebra?, or opposite 

 the body of the fourth lumbar vertebra. This point is aljout one inch below and 

 to the left of the umbilicus, and on a level with a line drawn across the highest 

 part of the iliac crest. A line drawn from this point, with a curve slightly out- 

 wards, to just within the centre of Poupart's ligament, will give the line of the 



Fig. goo. —The Abdomi.val Aorta axd Ixfeuiuu Vkxa Cava. 



GALL BUDDER 



HEPATIC DUCT 



CYSTIC DUCT 



COMMON DUCT 



Portal vein 



Gaslro-duodenal br. 



Huperior pyloric br. 



Hepatic artery 



Light suprarenal rein 

 Inferior suprarenal 

 artery 

 Renal artery 



Renal vein 



Inferior rena cava 

 KIDNEY 



Right spermatic vein 



Right spermatic artery 



Quadratus lumborum 



muscle 



Lumbar artery and rein 



Ureteric branch of 

 spermatic artery 



Middle sacral vessels 



LEFT LOBE OF LIVER 



(ESOPHAGUS 



Le/t phrenic artery 



Right phrenic artery 

 Superior suprarenal 

 Gastric artery 

 — Inferior suprarenal 

 Splenic artery 



Left phrenic vein 

 Left suprarenal vein 

 jL\ Superior mesenteric 

 artery 

 KIDNEY 



Ureteric branch of renal 

 Left spermatic vein 



URaER 



Left spermatic artery 



Inferior mesenteric artery 



Ureteric branch of 

 spermatic 



Ureteric branch of 



common iliac 

 Common iliac artery 



External iliac artery 

 Internal iliac artery 



iliac arteries; the first two inches (about) gi\'ing the average length of the common 

 iiiac. 



The site of some of the branches of the aorta may be thus approximately 

 ■ remembert <1. 



The cceliac axis is given off immediately :.ft<r the aorta has perforated the 

 diaphragm; directly below this is the superior mesenteric artery. About one 

 inch lower down, or three inches above the umbilicus, the renal arteries are given 

 off. About one inch above the imibilicus would be the level of the inferior 

 mesenteric artery. 



Collateral circulation after ligature of the common iliac. — The chief 

 vessels here are: — 

 71 



