ARCHES OF THE FOOT 



1205 



their separation when, in treading, the ehistic anterior i)illar tends to widen out. Of 

 these numerous offsets, that to tlie scaphoid is the most important. Thus it 

 strengthens the cakaneo-scaphoid ligament hy blending with it, and thus suj)])orts 

 the arch at a trying time. By coming into action when the heel is raised (fig. TGS), 

 this tendon helps the calcaneo-scaphoid ligament to su}»port the head of the 

 astragalus, and to maintain the arcii of the foot when tlie weight of the body is 

 thrown forward on to the instep. In other words, the tibialis ])Osticus comes into 

 play just when the heaviest of its duties is devolving upon this ligament, viz. when 

 the heel is being raisetl, and the Ixxly-weight is being thrown over tlie instep on to 

 the op})osite foot. (5 ) Peroneus longus. — This raises the outer jiillar, and steadies 

 the outer side of the arch. Further, by its strong process attached to the first 



Fig. 770. — Distribution of Cl'taneous Nerves on the Posterior and Anterior 

 Aspects of the Inferior Extremity. 



LAST 

 THURA CIC 

 ILIO-HYPO- 

 GASTRIC 



EXTERNA L 

 CUTANEOLS 



EXTERNAL 

 CUTAXEOVS 



COMMVNI- 



CANS 

 FIBULA RI^ 



SHORT 

 SAPHENOUS 



POSTERIOR 

 BRAXrHE^ 



OF /.i:vn.\R 



IfER VES 



PfisTEnroB 



BKASnlES 

 OF SM/tAL 

 XEIl VES 



PERFORA TIKG 

 CVTASEOCSOF 

 FOCRTH SAC- 

 RAL 



BRASORES OF 

 UMALI. 

 SCI A TIC 



OBTCRATOB 



POSTERIOR 

 BRA.Vr/f OF 

 ISTERSAL 

 rUTASEorS 



coMXirsi- 

 rA.\s 

 TIBIALIS 



ILIO- 

 INGUINAL 



TWIO 

 FROM IN- 

 TERNAL 

 rUTA- 

 NEO US 



INTERNAL 

 CUTA- 

 NEOUS 



PATELLAR 

 BRANiH 



OF Losn 



SAPHE- 

 NOUS 



LONG 

 SAPHE- 

 NOUS 



TWIGS FROM 

 LONG 

 SAPHENOUS 



INTERNA L 

 CALCANEAN 



ANTERIOR 

 TIBIA L 



EXTERNAL 

 CUTA- 

 NEOUS 



GEN I TO- 

 CRURAL 



MIDDLE 

 CUTA- 

 NEOUS 



CUTA- 

 NEOUS 

 BRA NCH OF 

 EXTERNA I. 

 POPLITEAL 



MUSCULO- 

 CUTA- 

 NEOUS 



SHOE T 



SAPHi:- 



NOUS 



metatarsal bone, it keeps the great toe strapped down firmly against the ground; 

 thus, keeping down the anterior pillar of the longitudinal arch, it aids the firm- 

 ness of the tread (Humphry). (6) Tibialis anticus. — This braces up the key- 

 stone of the arch. Thus, by keeping up the internal cuneiform, it maintains 

 the scaphoid, and so indirectly the astragalus, in situ. 



(7) Dr. Ellis (of Gloucester) has drawn especial attention to the action of the long 

 flexors as bow-strings or tie-rods as they tighten in their contraction, and so 

 diminish the distance between their jioints of attachments to the toes and the sjtot 

 where the tendons pass round the os calcis. thus bracing up the arch. Of these 

 flexors the flexor longus hallueis has especial influence, as shown by the stage- 

 dancer, who supports herself literally on one toe. The flexor longus digitorum, 

 while of less influence than the flexor longus hallueis, serves two important 



