1214 VESTIGIAL AND ABNORMAL STRUCTURES 



falciform ligament to the anterior end of the longitudinal fissure, and thence along 

 tlie anterior part of the longitudinal fissure to the left extremity of the transverse 

 fissure, where it terminates l^y fusing with the anterior Avail of the left branch of 

 the })ortal vein. It is the remains of the left division of the umbilical vein, a 

 large vessel which returns the blood from the })lacenta anil which divides at its 

 entrance into the body into right and left branches; the right branch disap})ears at 

 an early period of development, but the left persists until the })lacental circulation 

 terminates at birth, when it is converted into a solid fibrous cord. 



The ligamentum venosum. — The ligamentum venosum is a fil^rous cord 

 situated in the posterior part of the longitudinal fissure of the liver. It sjirings 

 from the posterior wall of the left branch of the portal vein, somewhat to the 

 right of the termination of the round ligament anteriorly, and it terminates 

 above in the inferior vena cava. It is the remains of a channel, the ductus 

 venosus, which persists until birth for the transmission of the greater part of the 

 placental l)lood dii-eetly from the left umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava. 



The vestigial fold of the pericardium. — The vestigial fold of the i)eri- 

 cardium, wdiich was first described by Marshall, extends from the left branch of 

 the pulmonary artery to the left superior pulmonary vein. It contains a fibrous 

 cord which represents the lower part of the left superior vena cava, a vessel which 

 is very common in mammals generally, but which is generally absent in man. 



GENITO- URINAR Y SYSTEM 



FEMALE 



The round ligament of the uterus and the ligament of the ovary. — When 



the ovary is developed, in the lumbar region of the abdomen, it is connected with 

 the labium majus and the lower j^art of the anterior abdominal wall by a musculo- 

 fibrous cord, tlie gubernacular cord of the ovary, which corresponds with the 

 gubernacular cord of the testicle in the male. The male gubernacular cord com- 

 pletely disappears when the testicle is pulled down into the scrotum, but the 

 gubernacular cord in the female contracts to a smaller extent, and the ovary is only 

 pulled down to the back of the broad ligament. As soon as the contraction has 

 proceeded to this extent, the gubernacular cord becomes attached to the side of the 

 uterus below the Fallopian tube, the portion of the cord in front of the attachment 

 becoming the round ligament of the uterus, whilst that behind is converted into the 

 ligament of the ovary. 



The hydatid of Morgagni. — The hydatid of Morgagni is a small pyriform 

 vesicle attached to the upper herder of the broad ligament of the uterus, or to one 

 of the fimbriae of the Fallopian tube, by a slender pedicle. It is usually filled with 

 clear fluid, and it is the modified remnant of one of the Wolffian tubules of the 

 primitive kidney. 



The epoophoron, epovarium, or organ of Rosenmiiller. — This rudiment of 

 the primitive kidney, or Wolffian Ijody, lies in the broad ligament of the uterus, 

 between the ovary below and the Fallopian tube alcove. It consists of a series of 

 from twelve to twenty vertical tubules, which commence below in or near tlie hilum 

 of the ovary, and terminate above in a horizontal tubule which lies i)aralh'l with, 

 and a short distance below, the Fallopian tube. The vertical tubules are remains 

 of the upper Wolffian tubules, and they correspond with the vasa recta and the 

 vasa eft'ercntia of the testicle. The horizontal tube is a remnant of the upper part 

 of the Wolffian duct, and it therefore corresponds with tlie tube of the epididymis 

 in the male. 



The paroophoron, or parovarium. — Tlie ])ar()<)|>hor()n lies in the l)road 

 ligament of the uterus to tlie inner side of the e])oophoron and the ovary. It 

 consists of a munl)er of yellow cords, the renniants of some of the lower Wolffian 



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