or more, thereby leaving a supernatant liquor 

 which would be of a convenient concentration for 

 cooking the extracted chips for pulp. 



A few quantitative determinations with sodium 

 carbonate and sodium chloride showed that these 

 reagents had practically the same salting out 

 power as caustic soda when compared on an equi- 

 valent weight basis. 



In applying the salting out method to the alkali 

 extracts from resinous wood, it was found that the 

 presence of dissolved humus, etc., increased to a 

 slight degree the solubility of the rosin soap in 

 the strong alkali. 



Extraction of Resinous Pine with 

 Alkalis 



Temperature, pressure and nature of alkali 

 proved to be important factors in the extraction of 

 rosin and turpentine from the wood. 



EXPERIMENTS WITH CAUSTIC SODA 

 1. Atmospheric Pressure 



Taking into consideration the necessity for steam 

 distillation of the crude turpentine, little attention 

 was given to extraction at temperatures much 

 below 100C. 



Shavings heated at 100C. in a dilute solution of 

 NaOH, containing 1 . 5 times the amount of caustic 

 theoretically necessary for saponification of the 

 rosin in the weight of wood used, were completely 

 extracted within 1 hour. This was determined by 

 thoroughly washing the shavings with hot water, 

 drying and extracting with ether. On the other 

 hand, the largest chips (1 in. x f in. x J in.) were 

 imperfectly extracted by treating at the boiling 

 temperature with twice the theoretical amount of 

 NaOH for a much longer period. The small chips 

 were thoroughly extracted when 3 times the cal- 

 culated amount of NaOH was used. The larger 

 chips not only retarded the penetration of the 

 alkali, but occasioned greater neutralization of the 

 caustic before penetration was complete, by reason 

 of the longer time of contact with the alkali and 



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