yeast. After fermentation is complete, the alcohol 

 is distilled off and rectified. 



The attractive feature of the process is the high 

 yield of alcohol, a material which is becoming of 

 more and more importance in the industries. Fur- 

 thermore, it is the only process especially suited 

 to the use of sawdust, and it does not depend for 

 its success on the oleoresin content of the wood. 



Before leaving this subject, an alternative use 

 of the hydrolyzed wood mass should be men- 

 tioned. It has been found (Zimmerman, J. Royal 

 Soc. Arts, 61, 1912, pp. 69-81; J. Soc. Chem. Ind. 

 31, p. 1197) that the sugar liquor and "pulp" 

 formed by treating sawdust with 862 solution under 

 pressure is admirably suited as a basis for a valu- 

 able cattle food. 



Paper Pulp 



The use of long-leaf pine for the manufacture of 

 pulp and paper is an industrial development of 

 recent years. Laboratory and commercial experi- 

 ments on this new raw material have proved fairly 

 successful and the indications are that a paper in- 

 dustry of no mean proportions will be built up 

 in the South. Several plants are already in opera- 

 tion and other extensive projects are claiming the 

 attention of pulp and paper experts. 



The soda process depends on the decomposition 

 and solution of the lignin by a caustic soda liquor 

 at high temperature and pressure. Of perhaps more 

 significance is the sulphate process. The presence 

 of the sodium sulphide improves the color of the 

 pulp and simplifies bleaching; at the same time, 

 the fibre is smoother and firmer, and imparts better 

 wearing qualities to the paper. 



Sound, lean wood is best adapted to pulp making. 

 In addition to the direct supply of logs, the large 

 quantities of mill waste in the South furnish a 

 convenient and cheap source of raw material. 



To make the treatment of the more resinous 

 classes of pine waste reasonable and profitable, 

 attention must be given to by-products. Rosin 

 and turpentine may be first removed by a volatile 

 solvent (Rowley, U. S. Pat. 942,106). Several of 



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