tion process have already undergone the first step in 

 refining. 



The direct product was in every case clear and 

 only faintly yellowish in color. The oil was without 

 the objectionable odor of " Destructive Distilla- 

 tion" turpentine. The odor was pleasant and of 

 an " essential oil" character, rather than of pure 

 turpentine. This may be ascribed to the pine oil 

 content. 



It was not considered necessary to give particular 

 attention to the refining of the crude turpentine. 

 The methods have been carefully worked out and 

 there are no special difficulties involved, (see U. S. 

 Dept. Agric., Forest Service Bull. 105 and Bur. Chem. 

 Bull. 159). Separation into "wood turpentine" 

 and "pine oil" would be accomplished by redistill- 

 ing with steam, preferably in a column still. The 

 final yield of turpentine, boiling between 155 and 

 185C., can be placed at 70-85 per cent, the balance 

 being pine oil boiling above 185. The turpentine 

 fraction would undoubtedly contain a small quan- 

 tity of dipentene as impurity, although this amount 

 should be smaller than by direct steam distillation 

 of the wood, where the higher temperatures cause 

 partial decomposition of the oils into dipentene. 

 Pine oil is almost as valuable as turpentine, so that 

 there would be very little waste in purifying the 

 original crude oil. 



(2) Rosin Soap: The proposed scheme provides for 

 the recovery of rosin from the direct extract and 

 first wash liquor by salting out the rosin soap with 

 caustic soda. It has been shown that 75-85 per 

 cent of the rosin can be obtained in this way from 

 rich wood. The soap precipitates were soft, and 

 more or less contaminated with material derived 

 from the wood itself. Purification from the humus 

 was accomplished by reprecipitations with caustic 

 soda. The soft soap was not successfully filtered 

 and pressed, and for this reason retained appreci- 

 able amounts of alkali liquor. 



It would seem logical to use the soap as such, 

 without acidifying to liberate free rosin. Rosin 

 soap has marked detergent properties and is a 

 constituent of many commercial soaps. The soap 



49 



