xii CHEMISTRY OF THE PROTEIDS 



indol-amino-propionic acid, 51; diacipiperazin-compounds, 55; ammonia, 

 55; cystin, 56. 



Stereo-chemistry of amino-acids, 64. 



Quantitative composition of albumins, 65. Tables of percentage-composition, 

 70-75. 



Nitrogen radicals of the albumin-molecule, 76-82. 



Halogen- substituted albumins, 82. 



Unclassified dissociation-products, 82 : amino-butyric, thiolactic, pyro-uvic, 

 and diamino- acetic acids, 83; glucosamin, 83; galactosamin, 84; kyn- 

 urenic acid, 84 ; skatosin, lysatinin, leucin-imide, 85 ; prussic acid, 86. 



Humin substances, 87-90. 



Secondary dissociation-products derived from the amino-acids, 90-114 ; dis- 

 integration by boiling alkalies, 90, by superheated steam and oxidising 

 media, 92 ; by acids," 94-96 (treatment with acids with subsequent 

 reduction, 94 ; with nitric acid, 94 ; with nitrous acid, 95) ; by 

 bromine, 96 ; by sulphur, 97 ; by enzymes, 98-114 ; general remarks, 

 98-100 ; by bacteria, 100 ; by non-bacterial plants during metabolism, 

 104 ; by animals, 106 ; desamination, 112. 



CHAPTEE III 



SYNTHESIS OF ALBUMINS . . . 



Early researches by Schaal, Schiff, 'Grimaux, and Theodor Curtius. Use of 

 acid chloride by Curtius, 115; biuret-base, glycyl-glycin, 116; reactions 

 of the biuret-base, 117 ; benzoyl-coinpounds prepared by Curtius, 118 ; 

 employment of acid-anhydrides, 118, and of acid-azides, 119; succinyl- 

 glycocoll, adipinylglycin, benzoyl-penta-glycylglycin or 7-acid, hexa- 

 glycylglycinester, 120; hippuryldialanyl-alanin, benzoyl-alanin, benzoyl- 

 alanyl - glycyl - glycin, hippuryl - aspartic acid, hippuryl - asparagyl- 

 aspartic acid, 121 ; hippuryl-diasparagyl-aspartic acid (colloidal nature 

 of peptids), hippuryl-a-oxy-/3-amino-propionic acid, hippuryl-j3-amino- 

 butyric acid, hippuryl - /3 - phenyl - a - alanin, 122 ; phenyl - carbamin- 

 diglycyl-glycin, dissociation-products of hippur-azide-compounds, 123. 

 Summary by Curtius, 124. 



Synthesis by Schiitzenberger, Balbiano and Frasciatti, 124, and Lilienfeld, 125. 



Emil Fischer's work, 125-138 ; conversion of diacipiperazin or diglycocoll- 

 anhydride into the open-chain glycyl-glycin, 126 ; alanyl-alanin- 

 leucyl-leucin-dipeptids, 127 ; normal glycocoll-alanin anhydride, 127 ; 

 introduction of carboxethyl-radical into NH 2 group, and union of 

 carbethoxyl-amino-acid-ester with other amino -acid-esters by gentle 

 heat, carbethoxyl-glycyl-glycyl-leucin-ester; use of thionyl-chloride for 

 converting carbethoxy-com pounds into their chlorides, carbethoxy- 

 glycyl-glycin, diglycylglycin, and triglycyl-glycin-esters, 128; trigly- 

 cyl - glycin - dicarboxylic acid, carbethoxy - trigly cyl - glycin - amide, 129; 

 carbamino-glycyl-glycin-ester ; use of /3-naphthalinsulphonic acid for 

 separating dipeptids, 129 ; linking amino-acids by their NH 2 -end by 

 introducing halogen - containing acid - chloride radicals (chlorides of 

 chloracetyl, brompropionyl, a-brom-iso-capronyl, a-5-di-bromvaleryl, 

 phenyl - a - brompropionyl), methyl - diacipiperazin, 129 ; chloracetyl- 

 glycyl-glycin and diglycyl-glycin. Definition of term peptid. Tetra- 

 glycyl-glycin. Introduction of chlorine into both NH 2 and COOH- 

 groups. Hippuryl-chloride, benzoyl-glycyl-glycin, benzoyl-diglycin- 



