100 CHEMISTRY OF THE PROTEIDS CHAP. 



no action on guanidin (an amidine), and on the uxeides : allantoin 

 and sodium urate. 



/ 2 .NH.CO.NH, /OC 2 H 5 /NH 2 



OC< OC< OC< HN = C< 



X NH 2 X NH 2 X NH 2 X NH 2 



Urea. Biuret. Uretlian. Guanidin. 



C-NH 



NH CO /NH/ || X CO 



OC< OC< C NH 7 



N NH CH.NH. CO. NH 2 X NH X | 



x co 



Allantoin. Uric acid. 



Aspergillus further liberates ammonia from acetamide and oxamide, 

 traces from asparagin but none from benzamide (C 6 H 5 CO . NH 2 ). 



CH 3 CO NH 9 CHo CO . NH 9 



oc< I I 



X NH 2 CO NH 2 NH 2 . CH CO . OH 



Acetamide. Oxamide. Asparagin. 



It splits hippuric acid, C 6 H 5 CO . NH CH 2 COOH, up into 

 glycocoll, CH 2 . NH 2 COOH, and benzoic acid. 



1. Disintegration of Albumins by Putrefactive Organisms. The 

 disintegration of albumins by means of the ubiquitous putrefactive 

 bacteria and the bacteria of the alimentary canal has been ex- 

 tensively studied by E. and H. Salkowski, 1 Nencki, 2 Baumann, 3 and 

 Brieger, 4 further by Hoppe-Seyler, 5 Schultzen and Eies, Blumenthal 7 

 and Rubner. 8 As has already been mentioned, these researches shed 



1 E. and H. Salkowski, Zeiischr. f. physiol. Chem. 8. 417 (1884), 9. 8 (1884), 9. 

 491 (1885) (summary of previous papers) ; E. Salkowski, ibid. 27. 302 (1899) ; H. 

 S.alkowski, Ber. d. deutsch. chem. Ges. 31. II. 776 (1898). 



2 M. Nencki, ibid. 7. II. 1593 (1874), 8. I. 336 (1875), 1O. I. 1032 (1877) : 

 Journ. f. prakt. Chem. [2], 26- 47 (1882) ; Zeitschr. /. physiol. Chem. 4. 371 (1880) ; 

 ZentralU.f. d. med. Wissensch. 1878, NT. 47. 



3 E. Baumann, Ber. d. deutsch. chem. Ges. 12. II. 1450 (1879) ;. Zeitschr. /. 

 physiol. Chem. 4. 304 (1880), 6. 183 (1882), 7. 282, 553 (1883), 20. 583 (1895) ; 

 Baumann and L. Brieger, ibid. 3. 149 and 284 (1879). 



4 L. Brieger, Journ. f. prakt. Chem. [2] 17. 124 (1877) ; Ber. d. deutsch. chem. Ges. 

 10. I. 1027 (1877), 12. IT. 1986 (1879) ; Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem. 2. 241 (1878), 

 3. 134 (1879), 4. 414 (1880), 5. 366 (1881) ; Die Ptomaine, Berlin, 1886. 



5 F. Hoppe-Seyler, Pfluger's Arch. /. d. ges. Physiol. 12. 1 (1876) Zeitschr. f. 

 physiol. Chem. 2. 1 (1878). 



6 Schultzen and Hies, Acute Yellow Atrophy of Liver, Berlin, 1869. 



7 F. Blumenthal, Virchow's Arch. 137. 539 (1894) (here also the older literature). 



8 M. Rubner, Arch.f. Hygiene 19. 136 (1893). 



