206 CHEMISTRY OF THE PROTEIDS CHAP. 



as the result of autolytic processes immediately after death, e.g. after 

 phosphorus-poisoning. 1 Krehl's 2 investigations have further brought 

 to light a close connection between albumoses circulating in the blood 

 and fever ; the temperature-raising constituents of Koch's tuberculin 

 are the albumoses of the nutritive medium. 3 Traces of albumoses 

 have also been observed in sputum. 4 During all these pathological 

 conditions albumoses are also met with in the urine, while peptones are 

 always absent. The urinary albumose of Bence- Jones is not an 

 albumose at all, but coagulated albumin (see p. 369). (Cohnheim.) 



In connection with the demonstration of albumose in urine, 5 special 

 attention is drawn to the observations of Stokvis 6 and Salkowski, 7 who 

 found that urobilin produces with sodium hydrate and copper sulphate 

 a colour which is undistinguishable from that of the biuret-reaction. 

 Both authors point out the danger of mistaking urobilin for albumose 

 when using the biuret-test. 



Amongst invertebrates Henze 8 has found in the secretion of the 

 salivary glands of the marine snail Tritonum nodosum, besides aspartic 

 acid, a substance which seems to be a peptone. 



Albumoses possess a number of poisonous properties, such as 

 lowering of blood-pressure, rendering blood non-coagulable, 9 etc. 

 Pick and Spiro 10 believe that pure albumoses are non-poisonous, and 

 that the poisonous constituent, the peptozyme, adheres to the pepsin 

 or to the fibrin, and that in this way it gets into the pepsin- and 

 fibrin-albumoses, but Underbill 11 has shown Pick and Spiro to be 

 wrong. 



Simple albumins, namely, the protamins and histones, also lower 



1 F. Soetbeer (and 0. Cohnheim), Arch. f. experiment. Path. u. Pharm. 50. 294 

 (1903). 



2 L. Krehl, ibid. 35. 222 (1893) ; L. Krehl and M. Matthes, Deutsch. Arch. f. 

 Jdin. Med. 54. 501 (1894) ; Arch. f. experiment. Path, und Pharm. 38. 248 (1897) ; 

 L. Krehl, Pathol. Physiol Leipzig, 1898. 



3 M. Matthes, Deutsch. Arch. f. klin. Med. 54. 39 (1894). 



4 H. Kossel, Zeitschr.f. klin. Med. 13. 149 (1888); E. Stadelmann, ibid. 16. 128 

 {1889) ; 0. Simon, Arch.f. experiment. Path. u. Pharm. 49. 449 (1903). 



5 F. Hofmeister, 'tjber den Nachweis von Pepton im Harn,' Zeitschr. f. physiol. 

 Chem. 4. 251 (1880). W. D. Halliburton, 'The Proteids which may occur in Urine,' 

 Transactions of the Pathol. Soc. London, 51. Part II. 1900. 



6 H. B. J. Stokvis, Zeitschr.f. Biol. 34. 466 (1896). 



7 E. Salkowski, Berliner klin. Wochenschr. 1897, Nr. 17. 



8 M. Henze, Ber. d. deutsch. chem. Ges. 34. I. 348 (1901). 



9 Schmidt- Miilheim, Arch. f. (Anat. u.) Physiol. 1880, p. 33; Fano, ibid. 1881, 

 p. 277 ; R. H. Chittenden, L. B. Mendel, and Y. Henderson, Amer. Journ. of Physiol. 

 II. 142 (1899) ; W. H. Thompson, Journ. of Physiol. 20. 455 (1896) ; 24. 374 (1899) ; 

 25. 1 (1899). 



10 E. P. Pick and K. Spiro, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem. 31. 235 (1900). 



11 F. P. Underhill, Amer. Journ. of Physiol. 9. 345 (1903). 



