IX 



THE GLOBULINS 36& 



and Oppenheimer and Aron. 1 According to the two last observers, 

 this is only partially due to the presence of antiferment. Sulphur, 

 according to Morner, 2 is entirely in the form of cystin. Langstein * 

 has found in globulin dextrose and still other carbohydrates, but the 

 possibility must be kept in mind that the amorphous globulin may be 

 contaminated with serum. lodo-serum-globulin contains 8*45-8*99 per 

 cent iodine, according to Blum. 4 Umber 5 has investigated its peptic 

 digestion ; the albumoses of the antigroup are especially very abundant. 

 The conditions' as to solubility are the same as for all other globulins ; 

 indeed, most determinations on the solubility of globulins have been 

 made on serum-globulin. 



In preparing serum-globulin, the serum has to be freed in the 

 first instance from all remains of fibrinogen by the addition of 43- 

 ccm. of saturated ammonium-sulphate solution to 100 ccm. of serum. 



The question as to whether serum-globulin is a uniform substance 

 is very much discussed. Serum-globulin is precipitated incompletely 

 by diluting serum with water, or dialysing it, and by adding acid, but 

 Hammarsten 6 has shown that the precipitated globulin as well as the 

 portion which escaped precipitation are both again partially precipi- 

 table, and therefore it is not allowable, as Marcus 7 and Freund and 

 Joachim 8 have done, to assume the existence of two distinct globulins 

 in serum. 



Fuld and Spiro 9 and Forges and Spiro 10 have attempted to break 

 up serum-globulin into several fractions by means of fractional salting- 

 out with ammonium sulphate or potassium acetate. They obtained 

 a ' euglobulin ' having with ammonium sulphate the precipitation- 

 limits of 2*8 to 3*3, and a pseudoglobulin with the limits of 3*4 to 

 4*6 ; half-saturation with potassium acetate gave limits which did not 

 correspond with those obtained with ammonium acetate. Kostoski n 

 succeeded in fractionising serum-globulin still more, and Forges and 

 Spiro found confirmatory evidence, inasmuch as considerable differ- 

 ences exist in the composition of their fractions, and they further 



1 C. Oppenheimer and A. Aron, Hofmeisters Beitrage, 4. 279 (1903). 



2 K. A. H. Morner, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem. 34. 207 (1901). 



3 L. Langstein, Wien. Akad. math.-nat. Kl. 112. lib, May 1903. 



4 F. Blum, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem. 28. 288 (1899). 



5 F. Umber, ibid. 25. 258 (1898). 



6 0. Hammarsten, Pflugers Arch. f. d. ges. Physiol. 18. 38 (1880) ; Zeitschr. /, 

 physiol. Chem. 8. 467 (1884). 



7 E. Marcus, ibid. 28. 559 (1899). 



8 E. Freund and J. Joachim, ibid. 36. 407 (1902). 



9 E. Fuld and K. Spiro, ibid. 31. 132 (1900). 



10 0. Forges and K. Spiro, Hofmeisters Beitrage, 3. 277 (1902) (here the literature).- 



11 Rostoski, Munch, med. Wochenschr. 1902, p. 740. 



