366 CHEMISTRY OF THE PROTEIDS CHAP. 



found that certain ferments, antiferments, and antitoxins occur 

 constantly only in one of their fractions. 1 But at present it is quite 

 impossible to say to what extent these differences are due to admixtures 

 of foreign bodies and how many globulins there really exist. 2 



2. Cell-Globulins 



Grlobulin-like bodies have been prepared from many organs. 

 Kiihne 3 obtained globulin from muscle-plasma ; Gottwald 4 and 

 Lonnberg, 5 from the kidney ; Pl6sz 6 and Halliburton, 7 from the liver ; 

 Laptschinsky, 8 from the lens of the eye ; Halliburton 9 and Lilienfeld, 10 

 from leucocytes, in large amounts ; Halliburton, from the central 

 nervous system u and from red corpuscles : 12 and Cohnheim from 

 the pancreas. Some of these globulins have the same coagulation- 

 temperature as has serum-globulin, and there is a certain suspicion 

 that many so-called cell-globulins are in reality true serum-globulin 

 owing to the incomplete removal of blood or lymph from the tissues, 

 for v. Fiirth 13 has not found any globulin in muscle which had been 

 thoroughly washed out. 



Halliburton, 7 on the other hand, has found in many organs ' cell- 

 globulins a.' These substances have coagulation- temperatures of 48 

 and 52, and are precipitated by even not completely saturated solu- 

 tions of magnesium sulphate and sodium chloride. It is possible 

 that these substances belong to the class of the myosins. Other 

 chemical properties of these bodies are not known. 



Only one of these cell-globulins has been examined thoroughly, 

 namely, the thyreo-globulin, which Oswald 14 extracted from the thyroid 

 gland. It has the same precipitation-limits for ammonium sulphate 



1 Fuld and Spiro, Marcus, see p. 365 ; K. Spiro, Hofmcister's Beitrdge, 1. 78 

 (1901); K. Glassner, ibid. 4. 79 (1903); N. Asakawa, Zeitschr. f. Hyg. u. Infektions- 

 krankh. 45- 93 (1903). 



2 0. Hammarsten, Ergebnisse der Physiologic von Asher-Spiro, I. 1. 330 (1902). 



3 W. Kiihne, Uutersuchwyjen nber das Protoplasma und die Kontraktilitiit, Leipzig, 

 1864. 



4 E. Gottwald, Zeitschr. f. physioL Chem. 4. 437 (1880). 



5 J. Lonnberg, Skandinav. Arch.f. PhysioL 3. 1 (1890). 



6 P. Plosz, Pftilgers Arch.f. d. ges. PhysioL 7. 371 (1873). 



7 W. D. Halliburton, Journ. of PhysioL 13. 806 (1892). 



8 M. Laptschinsky, Pfliigers Arch. f. d. ges. PhysioL 13. 631 (1876). 



9 W. D. Halliburton, Journ. of PhysioL 9. 229 (1880). 



10 L. Lilienfeld, Zeitschr. f. physioL Chem. 18. 473 (1893). 

 n W. D. Halliburton, Journ. of PhysioL 15. 90 (1894). 



r2 W. D. Halliburton and W. M. Friend, ibid. 1O. 532 (1889). 



13 0. v. Fiirth, Arch. f. experim. Pathol. u. Pharmak. 36. 231 (1895). 



14 A. Oswald, Zeitschr. f. physioL Chem. 27. 14 (1899) ; 32. 121 (1901). 



