ix THE VEGETABLE ALBUMINS 375 



analysed by v. Kitthausen 1 and Osborne. 2 The dissociation-products 

 are given on p. 71, No. 17. 



(b) Plant-caseins from other cereals. Similar substances have also 

 been found in rye, 3 maize, 4 spelt, 5 and barley. 6 They constitute 

 nearly 50 per cent of the total albumin. 



(c) Legumins- from pulse. Kitthausen 5 has found albumins in 

 oats, buckwheat, and especially in the different forms of pulse : peas, 

 vetches, beans, lentils, etc. The albumins called legumins by Kitt- 

 hausen are globulins, according to Osborne, who has examined a large 

 number of these substances. 7 The dissociation-products are given on 

 p. 72, No. 19. 



(d) Conglutins. This name has been introduced by Kitthausen 

 for the albumins of lupines, almonds, nuts, etc. Analyses have been 

 made by Kitthausen and Osborne. 8 The dissociation-products are 

 given on p. 72, No. 18. The conglutins are of especial interest 

 because of the physiological researches which E. Schulze made into 

 the germination and metabolism of lupines. 



3. Alcohol-soluble Albumins of Cereals 



(Gluten-fibrin, Mucedin, Zein) 



Ritthausen was the first to point out that the seeds of wheat, rye, 

 barley, maize, and oats contain, in addition to plant-caseins, other 

 albumins which are insoluble in water and in salt-solutions, but 

 readily soluble in dilute alcohol. These alcohol-soluble bodies, along 

 with the insoluble gluten-casein, form the so-called gluten, an adhesive, 

 glue-like material, which gives to dough its toughness. Because 

 gluten resembles fibrin, Weyl and Bischoff 9 have assumed an albumin 



1 H. Ritthauseu, see p. 371. 



2 T. B. Osborne and C. G. Vorhees, Amer. Chem. Journ. 15. 392 (1893). 



:i H. Ritthausen, see above, p. 371; T. B. Osborne, Journ. Amer. Chem. Soc. 17. 

 429 (1895). 



4 H. Ritthausen, see above, p. 371 ; R. H. Chittenden and T. B. Osborne, Amer. 

 Chem. Journ. 13. No. 7, and 14. No. 1 (1892) ; T. B. Osborne, Journ. Amer. Chem. 

 Soc. 19. 525 (1897). 5 H. Ritthausen, see above, p. 371. 



6 H. Ritthausen, see above, p. 371 ; T. B. Osborne, Journ. Amer. Chem. Soc. 17- 539 

 (1895). 



7 T. B. Osborne, ibid. : ' Vigna Catjang,' 19. 494 ; ' Phaseolus radiatus? 19. 509 

 (1897); 'Pea,' 2O. 348; 'Vetch,' 2O. 406; ' Vicia Faba,' 20. 393; ' Glycine his- 

 pida,' 20. 419; 'Pea, Lentil, Bean, Vetch,' 20. 410 (1898); 'Phaseolus vulgaris } ' 

 Conn. Agric. Exper. Station, 1893, p. 186 ; 'Cotton,' ibid. 1893, p. 211. 



8 T. B. Osborne, ibid. 19. 454 (1897). 



9 T. Weyl and Bischoff, Ber. d. deutsch. chem. Ges. 13. I. 367 (1880). 



