studies! on fermentation. 



We next pi'oceeded to put on one side ten of our forty flasks, 

 to serve for subsequent corroboration ; in ten others, by means 

 of the tube which is represented on the right hand side of the 

 flask (Fig. 8), we put a few drops of the water in which the 

 bunch of grapes had been washed ; in a third series of ten flasks 

 we put a few drops of the same liquid, after having previously 

 boiled it. Lastly, we introduced into the ten remaining flasks 

 a drop of grape-juice, taken from the inside of an uninjured 

 grape. To do this we had to bend the right-hand tube of 

 each of our last ten flasks, drawing it out to a fine point and 

 closing it in the flame, as represented in Fig. 9 A. This 



^•>\ 



Fig. 9. 

 fine closed point was filed round near its extremity and then 

 thrust, as represented in Fig. 9 B, into a grape placed on a hard 

 substance ; when the point b was felt to touch the substance 

 supporting the grape it was broken ofi" by a slight pressure 

 sideways at the point a, where the file marks had been made. 

 We had taken care to secure a slight vacuum in the flask 



in infinitely larger quantities. Some of them will be of a dusky colour 

 {Stemphyliwn, Glados^jorium), and others will be colourless ; the shape of 

 these latter will be round or oval, and cylindrical. Most of them will 

 bear resemblance to beads of the chaplets of Oidium, Monilia, Torula 

 (that is to say, to spores of certain Hyphomycetes), which have been 

 detached and carried off by the wind, and have attached themselves to 

 the fruit. Some of these spores will be already provided with short 

 germinating filaments. (Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Bataniqtie, t. xiii. 

 p. 21, 1860). 



