444 SUCCESSFUL FARMING 



and grading as well, only large, perfect berries being placed in the first 

 grade and all small or soiled fruits in the second. 



Receptacles. — Whether it is to be shipped in crates or refrigerator 

 carriers or to be carried to the local market, for best results the fruit should 

 not be rehandled after it is picked. The pickers should be trained to do the 

 necessary assorting and grading as they pick the fruit in the receptacles 

 in which it is to be marketed. 



The light splint-wood basket, holding one quart, is the most pop- 

 ular and most universally used. Many different forms of box or basket 

 have been designed, and various materials other than wood have been used 

 in their construction, but up to the present none has met with general 

 adoption. 



THE RASPBERRY 



The name raspberry, as used in the United States, embraces four 

 distinct species of plants, three of which are of American origin, thus 

 placing to the credit of our native plants three important and widely 

 cultivated culinary fruits. The two types of fruits represented by these 

 species are known popularly as red raspberries and black raspberries or 

 ''blackcaps." 



The red-raspberry group, as represented in cultivation, includes not 

 only the native red raspberry but the European red raspberry, or bramble, 

 and a type intermediate between the native red and black raspberry, which 

 bears a purple fruit and is frequently spoken of as the " purple-cane " 

 raspberry or as the "Schafer group." The red-raspberry group, besides 

 having varieties which produce the characteristic red fruits, has another 

 set of varieties which produce amber or yellow fruit. These horticultural 

 varieties are recognized and are considered distinct sorts, but are not 

 separated botanically into different species. 



The black raspberry is distinct both in habit of growth and in the 

 makeup of its fruit. It is recognized botanically as a species distinct from 

 the three which enter into the red-raspberry group. The habits of this 

 plant and the quality of its berries are such that it has gained an important 

 place in certain sections of this country as a commercial fruit. 



The fact that the varieties of the red-berry type have to be marketed 

 from the bushes as soon as ripe confines their cultivation to the vicinity 

 of large centers of consumption, where climatic and soil conditions favor 

 their development. The black-raspberry industry, however, can be 

 profitably and successfully carried on in regions more remote from the 

 centers of consumption, because of the fact that a large proportion of the 

 fruits are evaporated and are sold in a dry state, there being ready sale for 

 them when handled in this way. 



Red Raspberries. — The red-raspberry group includes varieties which 

 bear fruits of various shades of red, amber, yellow and purple, the last- 

 named division being a hybrid between the red and the black types. 



