THE POME FRUITS 



465 



The scale is readily handled by thorough spraying during the dormant 

 season with lime-sulphur at a density of 1.03 as indicated by the specific 

 gravity hydrometer, or a dilution of about one part of the best commercial 

 concentrates to nine parts of water. 



Spraying During the Growing Season. — The materials needed are 

 lime-sulphur, lead arsenate, and nicotine solution. The first is used at a 

 density of about 1.008, 

 which is obtained by dilut- 

 ing good home-made con- 

 centrates about 1 to 30 or 

 the best commercial lime- 

 sulphurs at about 1 to 38. 

 The second material is 

 used at the rate of 2 or 2\ 

 pounds of the paste, or 

 half as much of the pow- 

 der, in 50 gallons of spray. 

 The third is used at the 

 rate of about an ounce of 

 the 40 per cent nicotine 

 preparations to 5 gallons 

 of spray, which gives a 

 diluted strength of about 

 .05 of one per cent of nico- 

 tine. All these materials 

 may be combined in a 

 single application, or they 

 may be applied separately 

 as the case demands. 



With these materials, 

 the principal pests are 

 controlled as follows: 



1. If both scale and 

 plant lice are present, de- 

 fer the scale application 

 mentioned above until the 

 first green begins to appear 

 in the buds, and add the 



nicotine solution above named for the aphids or plant lice, which are 

 then just hatched. 



2. Spray with the sulphur and arsenate when the blossoms are just 

 showing pink, or slightly before. This is for scab, canker worms or the bud- 

 moth. Also valuable against aphids and red-bugs if the nicotine solution 

 is added. 



3. Repeat No. 2 immediately after the petals fall, to fill the calyx cups. 



A Good Cluster of Apples, but with Some 

 Scab Showing. 



A little more thinning and spraying would have 

 been useful here. 



