940 



SUCCESSFUL FARMING 



preceding fungi or to a number of others. Thorough spraying of the 

 orchards, careful handling of the fruit, regulation of temperature and 

 humidity will reduce these rots to a minimum. 



Scab (Venturia incequalsis [Cke.], Wint.). — This is one of the most 

 injurious diseases of the apple. It causes a dry, black spotting of the 

 fruit which is well characterized by the name "scab." As the season 



advances the seriously 

 infected fruits become 

 distorted and cracked. 

 Affected fruits are es- 

 pecially susceptible to 

 storage rots. 



The disease also 

 attacks the leaves and 

 twigs, causing a more 

 or less thick, velvet- 

 like covering, varying 

 in color from olive- 

 green to black. 



Treatment. — Spray 

 with concentrated lime- 

 sulphur (5 quarts in 50 

 gallons of water) or 

 Bordeaux mixture when 

 the pink shows, but 

 just before the blossom 

 opens. 



Blotch (Phyllosticta 

 solitaria, Ell. and Ev.). 

 - — This disease causes 

 dark, irregular blotches 

 on the fruit and, when 

 severe, causes a crack- 

 ing. In the older spots 

 a number of small, 

 black, fruiting dots are 

 formed. It also attacks the twigs, causing small tan-colored cankers. 

 In the old cankers the bark becomes cracked and roughened. 



Treatment. — Spray with lime-sulphur or Bordeaux mixture. (See 

 table for apples, pears and quinces.) 



Rust (Gymnosporangium macropus, Link.). — This disease attacks 

 foliage, fruit and twig, causing a yellowish orange-colored spot which 

 is not readily confused with other diseases. On the upper surface these 

 spots show numerous small yellow pustules becoming black. On the 



Apple Scab. 1 

 Photograph by Prof. M. A. Blake. 



1 Courtesy of New Jersey Agricultural Station. 



