EDUCATION AND INFORMATION 1049 



for the vocation of teacher of agriculture in secondary schools. The full 

 fruits of such service will be realized in the years to come. 



There are several types of secondary schools, chief among which are 

 the congressional district agricultural high schools, county agricultural 

 high schools, and the high school proper having a course in agriculture. 

 No attempt will here be made to outline a course of study in agriculture 

 for the secondary school. The growth of these schools has been so marked 

 that the courses first outlined have been greatly modified and further 

 improvement will doubtless be made from year to year. The guiding 

 principle should be that the technical agricultural studies fit local conditions 

 and meet the needs of the rural community to the fullest possible extent. 



In many of these schools, the teacher is expected to serve the farm 

 community in an advisory capacity. Vacation periods are spent in visiting 

 farmers, studying their methods and conducting tests that bear directly on 

 their soil, crop and livestock problems. 



Those seeking detailed information on the introduction of agriculture 

 into secondary schools and the most effective way of conducting it are 

 referred to bulletins issued by the States Relation Service of the United 

 States Department of Agriculture, the United States Department of 

 Education, and State Department of Education, and the State Agricultural 

 College and Experiment Station. 



Agricultural Colleges. — In 1821, R. H. Gardner of Maine secured from 

 the state legislature an appropriation of $1000 to aid in maintaining an 

 institution that would give farmers and mechanics a scientific training for 

 their occupation. Students were first received in this institution in 1823. 

 Three years later there was established at Derby, Conn., an agricultural 

 school that proved successful and was obliged to increase its accommoda- 

 tions for students. Between 1845 and 1850 a number of agricultural colleges 

 were established as private enterprises in New York State and Connecticut. 

 In 1846 Yale College established a chair of Agricultural Chemistry and 

 Vegetable and Animal Physiology, and the demand for teachers in these 

 subjects became sufficient in 1848 to justify establishing a course for their 

 preparation at this institution. 



Agricultural colleges which have proven permanent were opened in 

 Michigan in 1857 and in Maryland and Pennsylvania in 1859. State 

 agricultural colleges were opened in Iowa and Minnesota in 1858. 



In 1862, Senator Morrill of Vermont, after several unsuccessful 

 attempts, secured the passage of a bill in the United States Congress, 

 establishing land grant colleges. This bill bestowed 30,000 acres of land 

 for each member of Congress upon the several states, the proceeds of the 

 land by sale or rental to be used in maintaining courses of learning related 

 to agriculture and the mechanic arts. 



A second bill, also introduced by Senator Morrill, passed Congress 

 in 1890, provided for an annual appropriation of $15,000 to each state and 

 territory, to be used for instruction in these colleges. This amount was 



