160 A SUMMER ON THE YENESEl 



eaten, and those that could not. They were sapient 

 concerning the first division, which included ducks and 

 geese ; but they took little interest in the second, which 

 comprised most other birds. The following names were 

 given to me by an old Samoyede who recognised the 

 skins in my collection. I am indebted to Miss Czaplicka 

 for the proper English spelling of the native sounds. 



Willow-Grouse 



Pintail Duck 



Goose 



Golden Plover 



Godwit 



Seagull 



King-Eider 



Abba 



Nyavoie 



Dgiotu 



Tilyokko 



Tufek 



Tannykka 



Tulloni 



Golchika was the most difficult place in the world 

 from which to make observations on bird-migration. 

 This was partly owing to the enormous extent of the 

 country, but more so because it was so far north that 

 the different species that passed on their way up the 

 river were no guide to the region whence they came. 

 On the English coasts, a rush of greater wheatears 

 means a migration from Iceland, and the appearance 

 of bramblings and bluethroats spells movement in 

 Scandinavia. But in most cases, Golchika itself was an 

 Ultima Thule of winged things ; and the visitors from 

 the north were so often represented on its own breeding 

 list that it was impossible to say whether they were 

 passengers from higher latitudes or no. 



I observed only two species which did not also nest 

 at Golchika. The first was a hirundine bird, which, on 

 14th July — a cold, wet evening — was observed hawking 

 backwards and forwards over a lake on the tundra. I 



