81 



Fig. 7. An unusually elongated spiculum, of the fu&iformi-spinulate form, from the lower 

 cortical stratum. 



8. The head and basis of the shaft of the same. 



9. A fusiformi-spinulate spiculum, with lateral excrescences. 



10. 2 spicula of the same sort, with abnormally shaped head. 



11. One of the long needle-shaped spicula from th.e radiating fascicles that penetrate 

 the pareuchym. 



12. The pointed end -of the same, strongly magnified. 



13. The opposite bulbously enlarged- end. 



14. The outer part of one of the marginal bristle-shaped spicula. 



15. The thicker end of a similar spiculum. 



Fig. 1G 34. Cladorhiza abyssicola. 



Fig. 16. A perfect specimen, with developed gemmules in the interior of the parenchym, 

 slightly magnified. 



17. An other more ramified specimen, also slightly magnified, a, an Arcapectunculoides 

 attached to the stem. 



18. A piece of stem with basis of one of the lateral processes, treated with a weak 

 solution of caustic potass, shewing the arrangement of the spicula. 



19. The extremity of one of the lateral processes, shewing the central fascicle of spi- 

 cula, and the superficial closely packed inequi-anchorate spicula. 



20. Some of the latter, more strongly magnified. 



21. The extremity of a branch, shewing the club-shaped enlarged point. 



22. A small portion of the extremity of a branch treated with caustic potass and com- 

 pressed, more strongly magnified; shewing the gemmules in process of formation, 

 and the 4 different sorts of spicula. 



23. A piece of the ramified root, shewing the fascicles of spicula gradually becoming 

 disunited. 



24. One of the extreme ramifications of the root, more strongly magnified, shewing the 

 arrangement of the spicula in the same. 



25. One of the central spicula of the stem. 



26. One of the smallest central spicula from the extremity of a branch. 



27. The pointed ends of 2 different central spicula. 



28. The obtuse end of the same. 



29. One of the simply bihamate spicula; side view. 



30. A somewhat smaller Do. seen from the side and below. 



31. 3 of the inequi-anchorate spicula, magnified to the same degree. 



32. The same sort of spicula, more strongly magnified, a, as the) most usually shew 



themselves ; 6, with 5 distinct hooks (rare). 



11 



