THE ORANGE; 



them by fire. About the middle of the 

 seventeenth century this luxury was very 

 general, and we see distinguished by their 

 magnificence and gradeur the orangeries 

 of the Farnese family at Parma; of the 

 Cardinal Xantes, Aldobrandiui and Pio 

 at Rome; of the Elector Palatine at Hei- 

 delberg; and of Louis XIII in Franco. 

 In all the civilized parts of Europe the 

 orangerie is now considered an embellish- 

 ment necessary to all country seats, and 

 houses of pleasure. 



In nomenclature oranges and lemons 

 had a most difficult time in establishing 

 themselves. The lemon tree, first brought 

 into Egypt as a variety of citron, was for 

 a long time designated by European wri- 

 ters under the generic name of citrus, al- 

 though in Italy and the south of France 

 the people had known it from the begin- 

 ning by the name of limon. We find in 

 botanical works citrus limon or mala h- 

 monia and sometimes citrus medica. 



la Arabia the word first applied to the 

 orange was arindj. This in Syria was 

 modified to narengi. 



The orange appeared in Italy under the 

 name of orenges, which the people modi- 

 fied, according to the pronunciations of 

 the different sections, into aringo, naran- 

 20, aranzctj aranzo, citrone, cetrangolo, 

 melaranco, melangofo, arancio. The Pro- 

 vengals also received this tree under the 

 name of orenges, arid have changed it 

 from time to time, in different provinces, 



into arrangi, airange, orenge, and finally,. 



ORANGE. 



During several centuries the Latin au- 

 thors found themselves embarrassed in 

 designating this fruit, which had no name 

 in their language. The first who spoke of 

 it used a phrase indicating its character- 

 istics, accompanying it with the popular 

 name of arangi, Latinized into orenges, 

 orangias, arantium. Jaques de Vitry 

 calls oranges poma cftrina, adding, "The 

 Arabs call them orenges." Nicolas Spe- 

 cialis designates them as acri pomomm 

 arborcSj observing that the people call 

 them arangias. Mathews Silvaticus first 

 gave to the orange the name of citrangu- 

 lum. This last designation was received 

 in the language of science for more than a 

 century. Finally, little by little, were ad- 

 opted the vulgar Latinized names in use 

 among other writers, such as arangium,. 

 arancium, anarantium, nerantium, auran- 

 tmm, pomen aureum. 



The Greeks followed in the same steps. 

 They have either Grecianized the name of 

 narenge, which was in use among Syrian 

 Arabs, or they received it from the Crusa- 

 ders from the Holy Land; and have ad- 

 opted it in their language, calling itneran- 

 zion. 



In this day and age we are satisfied to 

 call the fruit, in English ORANGE and 

 LEMON; in French, orange and citron; in 

 German, orange, citrone; in Spanish, na- 

 ratija, limon. 



CHAPTER IV. 



INTRODUCTION OF THE ORANGE IN CALIFORNIA. 



Father Palou, the historian of the early 

 California Missions, says; 



"On the 10th of August [1771] the Fa- 

 ther Friar Pedro Carnbon and Father 

 Angel Somera, guarded by ten soldiers 

 with the muleteers and beasts" requisite 

 to carry the necessaries, set out from San 

 Diego, and traveled northerly by the same 

 route as the former expedition for Mon- 

 terey had gone. After proceeding about 

 forty leagues they arrived at the river 

 called Temblores [the Los Angeles river], 

 and while they were in the act of examin- 



ing the ground in order to fix a proper 

 place for the mission, a multitude of In- 

 dians, all armed and headed by two cap- 

 tains, presented themselves, setting up 

 horrid yells, and seeming determined to 

 oppose the establishment of the mission. 

 The Fathers, fearing that war would en- 

 sue, took out a piece of cloth with the 

 image of our Lady de los Dolores, and 

 held it up to the barbarians. This was no 

 sooner done than the whole were quiet, 

 being subdued by the fight of this most 

 precious image; and throwing on the 



