ITS CULTURE IN CALIFORNIA. 



also be lixed. You then have the bound- 

 ary of the orchard in the form of the rect- 

 angle A B F G. 



DISTANCES APART. Orange trees' are 

 planted from ten to thirty feet apart ac- 

 cording to their habits of growth. Dwarf H 

 like the Mandarin may be advantageously 

 placed ten feet apart; semi-dwarfs, such 



as the Washington Navei, Mediterranean 

 Sweet, Maltese Blood and St. Michael>. 

 fifteen to twenty feet; standard trees 

 seedlings and native buds twenty to thir- 

 ty feet. The distances most in vogue are 



Dwarfs ten feet, 



Semi-dwarfs eighteen feet, 



Standards twenty-four feet. 



CHAPTER IX. 



ARRANGING AN ORCHARD-THE SQUARE SYSTEM. 



THRKK SYSTEMS. There are three pop- 

 alar systems for the arrangement of trees 

 in an orchard : 



1st: The square system. 



2d: The quincunx system. 



.'Jd: The septuple system. 



It is with the first named that this chap- 

 ter deals. 



THE SQUARE SYSTEM. This is the ar- 

 rangement of trees in a quadrangular 

 form; i. e., so that four trees in two prox- 

 imate rows form a figure of a quadrangle, 

 thus: 



FIG. 3. 



The general online of the orchard also 

 becomes a quadrangle if the rows are of 

 equal length and number throughout. 

 The system thus carried out is illustrated 

 in Fig 4. 



How TO STAKE BY THIS SYSTEM. The 

 boundary lines of the orchard ground be- 

 ing already established, determine how 

 much margin you will leave between the- 

 outside rows of trees and the boundary 

 lines. It is generally inexpedient to plant, 

 trees directly upon the outer lines, as that 

 would bring the orchard flush with a road 

 or fence or hedge, or with some neigh- 

 bor's property. The margin usually aK 

 lowed is from ten to twenty feet, accord- 

 ing to the character of the trees and the 

 confidence one has in the public. 



A_ c 



d * 



FIG. 4 THE SQUARE SYSTEM. 



FIG. 5 CHECK-ROWS. 



A B D C, boundary lines, 

 afe, erf, check-rows. 



Let us take, for illustration, a margin of 

 twelve feet. Stake the points , ft, c and <? 

 at the corners twelve feet inside the bound- 

 ary lines. Place two lines of stakes, a 6y 

 *j d. along opposite si<Jes, the distance be- 



