48 



THE ORANGE, 



It is necessary to tally with the tag A in 

 each odd row, and with the tag X in each 

 even row, thus A, X, A, X ; shifting the 

 chain back and forth like a shuttlecock. 

 This will bring the orchard in regular 

 quincunx order, as shown in Fig. 8. 



PULL UP UNNECESSARY STAKES. The 

 staker should be careful to pull up all the 

 intermediate stakes in the check rows, as 

 n, o, p, q, r, s, etc., Fig. 10, since they are 

 merely check stakes and do not denote 

 places for trees like the stakes a, b, c, etc. 

 The stakes marked o, Fig. 12, are the ones 

 to come out ; their work is done as soon 

 as the chain is stretched. 



FIG. 120, O, O, O, SHOWING STAKES TO BK 

 PULLED. 



DISTANCE APART. In planting quin- 

 cunx, it is advisable to have the trees in 

 regular squares not less than twenty -four 

 feet apart ; and they may sometimes be 

 placed thirty feet apart with advantage. 

 At twenty-four feet apart the distance 

 from the trees on the square to the middle 

 tree is about seventeen feet. On a scale of 

 thirty feet, this intermediate distance be- 

 comes about twenty feet. 



NUMBER OF TRRES TO THE ACRE. To 

 ascertain the number of trees to the acre 

 by the Quincunx system, observe the fol- 

 lowing: 



RULE. 1st. Compute the number of tree* 

 in the regular squares, as shown in Chaptn 

 X. 



-M. Multiply this result byvtwo. 



3d. From the product subtract the num- 

 ber of intermediate (Quincunx) trees on two 

 nides of the orchard, plus 1. 



EXAMPLE. How many trees on an acre 

 of ground planted Quincunx, the trees on 

 regular squares being twenty-four feet 

 apart? 



The table, Chapter X, shows that at 

 twenty-four feet apart, Square system, 

 there are 76 trees to the acre. 



76 X 2 = 152. 



152 *( 8 -f 8 -f- 1 ) = 135. Ans. , 135 trees. 



ANOTHER RULE. An approximate rule 

 for finding the number of trees to an acre, 

 quincunx, is to ascertain the number of 

 trees on the regular squares, and add 7* 

 per cent, thereto. 



*NOTR. It is assumed that the acre of ground 

 taken for illustration is in a square form, and that 

 there are eight intermediate or Quincunx tree* 

 along each side. The (8 -|- 8 -|- 1) represents the 

 inside trees along two sides, plus one, as given in, 

 tie rule. 



CHAPTER XI; 



THE SEPTUPLE SYSTEM. 



A MISNOMER CORRECTED. The system 

 of planting which I designate Septuple 

 has hitherto been known as Quincunx, 

 the term being applied almost indiscrimi- 

 nately to this system and the one de- 

 scribed in the preceding chapter. Great 

 confusion has resulted from this misappli- 

 cation and conflict of terms, some writers 

 even going to the length of calling the 

 Septuple " the true Quincunx," and re- 

 pudiating the other, or genuine Quincunx 

 system, altogether. This is error carried 

 to the point of fanaticism, and offers no 

 reasonable way out of the dilemma. 

 Clearly there are two distinct systems of 



planting here confounded, and they 

 ought to be designated by different names. 

 It is manifest by the definition quoted in 

 the preceding chapter that there is an old- 

 established and well-defined system of 

 planting known as Quincunx ; that it is by 

 lives four trees on a square and one in 

 the middle as shown in the illustration. 

 To this system, then, the title properly bo- 

 longs. If some other system is devised 

 which comprehends the planting of tree* 

 in an essentially different group say by 

 sevens instead of fives it is clearly a mis- 

 nomer to call that system Quincunx also. 

 At the risk, then, of stirring up a hornet's 



