INSECTS INJURIOUS TO CITRUS TREES. 



95 



from a dark reddish brown to black, ex- 

 cepting the thin part of the margin, which 

 is gray; exuviae nearly central, whitish in 

 fresh specimens; form, circular, one line 

 in diameter. Male Scale. The scale of 

 the male is about one-fourth as large as 

 that of the female; the posterior side is 

 prolonged into a thin flap, which is gray 

 in color. (See United States Agricultural 

 Report, 1880; and Ashmead on ' Orange 

 Insects,' 1880." 



THE LEMON-PEEL. SCALE. (OAL.) 



^Axjtidiofuft nerii Bouche.) Order, Hem- 

 iptera; sub-oi'der, Homoptera; family, 



[A whitish circular scale insect, infest- 

 ing the lemon, plum, cherry and currant; 

 also the oleander, acacia, magnolia, etc.] 



This species has been known to* sci- 

 entists as the " Oleander Scale," from 

 which it derives its specific name, nerii. 

 Within the last four or five years it has 

 been found on the lemon, plum, cherry 

 and currant; also on the acacia, magnolia, 

 etc. It seems to prefer the fruit of the 

 lemon, and in many cases infests the skin 

 or peel to such an extent as to reduce its 

 market value. California cannot claim a 

 sol* proprietary right to this pest, as lem- 

 ons imported from Europe are often offer- 

 ed for sale in our market w r hich are seri- 

 ously infested by A. nerii. 



NATURAL HISTORY. The female scale is 

 of a whitish color, and nearly circular, 

 measures one line in diameter; exuviae 

 or cast skin, yellowish, and near the cen- 

 ter. Male scale, white, smaller and not 

 as circular as that of the female. Egg, 

 light yellow. Larva, yellowish white; 

 length, one-eighty-fifth of an inch. Fe- 

 male, light yellow, with darker blotches; 

 body, circular; abdominal segments ap- 

 pear as a pointed projection at one part of 

 the circle. Male insect, winged; body, 

 yellowish, with dark markings. The 

 lemon-peel scale insect closely resembles 

 the red seal, and it is only by the differ- 

 ence in color that a person not thoroughly 

 acquainted with the respective species can 

 distinguish them. 



PEROANDE'S ORANGE SCALE. (CAL.) 

 ( Parlatoria pergandnComstock.) Order, 

 Jlrmiptera; sub - order, Homoptera; 

 family, Coccidce. 



[A scale insect infesting the branches, 

 foliage and fruit of citrus trees.] 



I have found this species on the orange 

 tree in Sacramento, but have not found it 

 in any other part of the State. 



The female scale is somewhat elongated 

 in form, but nearly circular, the exuviae 

 at one side of the center; color, grayish; 

 exuvhe yellow, and generally oval in 

 shape. 



The scale of the male is elongated and 

 narrow; color, dirty white, exuviae at the 

 anterior end. Female color, purplish, 

 with posterior end of the body yellowish, 

 and is nearly as broad as long. Eggs 

 color, purplish; elongated; from nine to 

 twenty found under each female scale. 

 Larva length, nearly one-nineteenth of 

 an inch; color, purplish. Male color, 

 dark purplish. 



THE CITRUS LEAF AND FRUIT SCALE. 



(Mytilaspis citricola Packard.) Syno- 

 nym, Aspidiotus citricola Packard. 

 Order, Himiptera; sub-order, Homop- 

 tera; family, Coccidce. 

 [An elongated, slightly curved scale in- 

 sect, infesting citrus trees.] 



This species of scale insect has not been 

 found on any of the citrus trees in this 

 State, so far as I know, but it will be 

 strange if it is not found in the near fu- 

 ture. It is not a rare occurrence to find it 

 on oranges, etc., which are imported from 

 Europe, Australia and Tahiti, and offered 

 for sale on fruit stands throughout the 

 State. 



The scale of this species is similar in 

 form and appearance to that of the oyster 

 shell bark-louse, excepting that it may be 

 a little wider at the posterior end. Length 

 of female scale, about one and one-half 

 lines. The male scale is similar to other 

 species of Mytilaspis in having a hinge- 

 like joint, posterior to the middle of the 

 scale, so that by lifting the posterior part 

 up the perfect insect can emerge. 



THE SOFT ORANGE SCALE. (CAL.) 



(Lecanium hesperidum Linnaeus.) Order, 

 Hemiptera; sub-order, Homoptera; fam- 

 ily, Coccidce. 



[An oval flattened scale insect, infesting 

 citrus trees, especially the orange.] 



The soft orange scale is found in Califor- 

 nia in nearly every locality where citrus 

 trees are grown. It infests the wood, foli- 



