INTRODUCTION. XXI 



Musical Sounds. Pitch, Standards of Pitch, Standard Tuning 

 Forks. &c. ; Methods of measuring and comparing rates of vibra- 

 tion ; Toothed wheels, Syrens, &c. ; Vibration Microscopes, &c. ; 

 Methods of illustrating the nature of musical intervals; Mano- 

 ni( trie flames, Mirrored Tuning Forks, &c. 



Musical Quality. Illustrations of the different quality of the 

 sounds of various instruments, Harmonics, and overtones. Resul- 

 tant rones, Instruments for studying quality, Resonators, Phonau- 

 tographs, &c. 



Musical Instruments Illustrating the above. Methods o ex- 

 hibiting the mode of vibration of various instruments and the 

 quality of the sounds yielded by them. 



Light. 



Instruments and apparatus employed in teaching, and in the 

 investigations and observations connected with: 



Production. Combustion, Electric discharge, &c. 



Measurement of Intensity, Velocity. 



Action of Matter on Light. Reflection, Refraction, Dispersion, 

 Achromatism, Direct vision prisms, Polarization, Absorption 

 (colour), Fluorescence, &c. 



Action of Light on Light. Interference, Diffraction, Measure- 

 ment of wave length (optical banks), &c. 



Action of Light on Matter. Photography, Radiometry, Phos- 

 phorescence, &c. 



Technical Applications of Optical Principles. Lighthouse 

 illumination, &c. 



Heat. 



Instruments and apparatus employed in teaching, and in the 

 investigations and observations connected with : 



Sources of Heat. Chemical, Electrical, Dynamical, Solar, 

 Calorescence, &c. 



Effects of Heat on Matter. Changes of Temperature, Expan- 

 sion and change of Elasticity, Liquefaction, Vaporization, &c. 



Measurement of Temperature. Thermometers, Pyrometers, 

 &c. 



Propagation of Heat. Radiant Heat, Radiometer, Re- 

 flexion, Refraction, Radiation, Absorption, Polarization ; Conduc- 

 tion, Solids, Liquids, Gases ; Convection, Ventilation, &c. 



Effect of change of Molecular State on Temperature. Freez- 

 ing mixtures, Ice machines, &c. 



Effect of change of Pressure and Volume. 



Heat Quantity. Unit of Heat, Calorimeters, Specific Heat, &c. 

 Licthods of determining Latent Heat. 



Mechanical Equivalent of Heat. Methods of determining. 

 Illustrations of Thermodynamics. 



