X. MODELS^ ETC. 433 



1912d. Photograph of Galileo's Tribune at Florence. 



J. Norman Lockyer, F.R.S. 



1912e. Photographs of the Old Astronomical Circles 

 at Delhi. Mrs. Norman Lockyer. 



1912f. Photographs of the Lamp in the Cathedral at 

 Pisa (interesting in connexion with Galileo's observations). 



Mrs. Norman Lockyer. 



1914. Photographs of Astronomical Universal Instru- 

 ment. F. W. Breithaupt and Son, CasseL 



Astronomical universal instrument, portable. The movable circles have 

 each two micrometers for reading the seconds ; the vertical circle is 33 cm., 

 and the horizontal 50 cm. in diameter. The broken telescope has an aperture 

 of 67 mm. and a focal length of 80 cm., and is illuminated through the axis. 

 The instrument revolves on the vertical axis ; the horizontal axis is balanced 

 on one plate only, and can be inverted on spring rollers. One level rests on the 

 horizontal axis, a second is attached to the carrier of the micrometer, and a 

 third can be inverted on the same. The second vertical axis which serves as a 

 counterpoise is graduated. The instrument itself was made in the year 1873 

 for the Japanese Government at Yokohama. 



Photograph of Astronomical Universal Instrument 

 (portable). F. ffr. Breithaupt and Son, CasseL 



This instrument is provided with two movable circles, of 25 cm. diameter, 

 each having two micrometers, with a side telescope of 27 mm. aperture and 

 opposing vertical circle, the carrier of the micrometer being in the middle. 

 By this arrangement the upper part of the instrument is kept low ; it has 

 also the advantage that, without alteration of position, the telescope, the two 

 circles, as well as the numerating circle, can be observed. This instrument 

 was constructed in 1875 for the lloyal Mining Academy at Schemnitz. 



Photograph of Universal Instrument (portable). 



F. JV. Breithaupt and Son, CasseL 



The circles are 20 cm. in diameter, the vernier reads to 10 seconds, the 

 telescope of 40 nim. aperture is at the side, the azimuth circle is movable and 

 the vertical circle attached to the telescope. All the verniers are covered 

 with glass, and the alhidada of the vertical circle has a separate level. The 

 instrument was made for the Imperial Observatory at Strasburg. 



1914a, Photographs of Chinese Astronomical Instru- 

 ments, enlarged by, the Autotype Company from the original 

 photographs by J. Thomson, F.R.G-.S. Autotype Company. 



No. 1. Ancient arinillary sphere in the court of the observatory, Pekin. 

 This instrument was made under the direction of Ko-show-king (during the 

 Yuen or Mongol dynasty, about the close of the 13th century), one of the 

 most renowned astronomers in Chinese history, and at the time chief of the 

 astronomical board. The instrument is solid bronze, of huge dimensions and 

 exquisite workmanship. A substantial metal horizon crossed at right angles 

 by a double ring for an azimuth circle forms the outer framework. The 

 upper surface of the horizon is divided into 12 equal parts marked with 

 cyclical characters, the names of the^!2 hours into which the Chinese divide 



40075. E e 



