450 SEC. 12. APPLIED MECHANICS. 



The cylinder went to the Government foundry at Cassel, and was used there 

 for many years as a receptacle for the chips under a machine for boring pump 

 barrels. When, in the year 1836, this establishment, at that time under the 

 direction of the superintendent of mining works, Henschel, was burnt to the 

 ground, the cylinder was saved, and bought by the manufacturing firm of 

 Henschel and Son, founded by them after the fire. Here it was at first used 

 for the same purposes as before; but afterwards, about the year 1837, being 

 provided with the label " Papin's steam cylinder," it was placed opposite the 

 main entrance to the factory. Behind it lay the stock of old iron, moulds. 

 &c., which was destined to be melted down. For anyone who may have seen 

 it, as it stood there for many a long year, the following passage'in the work 

 of the latest biographers of Papin must, to a certain extent, appear very 

 strange. Speaking of the cylinder, they say : 



" Alors on le relegue dans un coin obscur, sur un tas de ferailles, destinees 

 au fourneau. C'est la que, dans le mois d'Avril de 1'annee 1863, 1'un de nous, 

 voyageant en Allemagne, cut le bonheur de le retrouver." 



How could the traveller, without having read the label, or received any 

 information on the subject, have been able to perceive the original purpose 

 of the cylinder, resting as it was in the midst of pieces of old iron ? Nor 

 was there ever the slightest intention of treating this valuable relic as an 

 object fit only to be melted down. On the contrary, as the prosperity of the 

 factory increased rapidly since 1866, and the arrival of so many new work- 

 men seemed to threaten the danger that through their ignorance of the value 

 of the cylinder it might suffer harm, the present proprietor, the Privy- 

 Councillor of Commerce, Henschel, grandson of the late Superintendent of 

 Mines, caused it to be removed to a more secure corner. Now the biographers 

 of Papin continue : 



" A son retour il (Fun de nous) s'empressa d'instruire le General Morin, 

 directeur de notre Conservatoire des* Arts et Metiers, de la destruction immi- 

 nente de ce monument des travaux de Papin. Le general se hata d'ecrire au 

 successeur de M. Henschel [his grandson] pour lui en proposer 1'acquisition 

 ou 1'echange. Une negociation suivit ; malheureusement les pretensions ex- 

 agerees du detenteur et enipecherent d'aboutir. L'oauvre de notre compatriote 

 existe-t-elle encore ? Helas ! nous ne saurions le dire." 



This question, thrown out by de la Saussaye, who has in the meantime 

 died, can be answered lay the cylinder itself. The circumstance that it is in 

 the possession of the museum at Cassel will show in their proper light the 

 " pretensions exagerees." Herr Henschel did not wish to sell the cylinder, lie 

 wished to keep it for his native town. In fact, in 1869, he presented it to the 

 Cassel Museum, to which institution the gift is especially valuable, inasmuch 

 as it shows to what degree, even at the beginning of the last century, the art 

 of iron foundry had reached in Hesse. 



1943. Original Model of Newcomen's Steam Engine. 



The Council of King's College, London. 



1942a. Drawing of the Newcomen Engine, in the pos- 

 session of the University of Glasgow. Thomas Ledstone. 



1944. Model of Captain Savery's Steam Engine. This form 

 is a modification by Dr. Desaguliers, constructed about 17 17, The 

 first complete engine of this kind was made for the Czar of 

 Russia (Peter the Great), for his garden at Petersburg. 1717 

 or 1718. The Council of King's College, London. 



