. v. MANUFACTURES. 643 



2694. Vat Liquor. A saturated solution of soda produced by 

 lixiviating "black ash " or ''ball soda" with warm water in iron 

 tanks or vats ; when the solution is saturated it is run off into iron 

 pans to be boiled down, the calcium sulphide and unburnt coke 

 of the " black ash " being left behind in the vat as " tank : ' or 

 "vat waste." Sullivan $ Co. 



2695. Salts, or crude carbonate of soda, obtained by boiling 

 down " vat liquors " in iron pans, heated either externally or by 

 passing the flame over the surface of the liquor in the pan. 



Sullivan $ Co. 



2696. Soda Ash, or finished carbonate of soda of commerce, 

 containing 58 5 per cent, of real alkali, produced by gradually 

 heating to redness in a reverberatory furnace " salts " or crude 

 carbonate of soda. Sullivan fy Co. 



2697. Salt, as used in the "Hargreaves" process. The salt is 

 placed in a moist state on drying floors, and when dried into 

 hard flat pieces is broken by machinery. Sullivan fy Co. 



2698. Salt Cake, or sulphate of soda containing 99 per cent, 

 of real sulphate, made without the use of sulphuric acid by 

 the " Hargreaves " direct action process. Salt maintained at a 

 red heat in iron cylinders is exposed to the direct action of sul- 

 phurous acid, air, and steam. The hydrochloric acid from the 

 salt is condensed as in the ordinary process. Sullivan fy Co. 



2469. Drawings (4) of Hargreaves and Robinson's 

 Sulphate of Soda Apparatus. 1. General plan. 2. Enlarged 

 sectional plan. 3. Transverse sectional plan. 4. Condensing 

 apparatus. J. Hargreaves fy T. Robinson. 



2470. Samples of: A. Salt prepared for the converting 

 cylinders above. B. Sulphate of soda. C. Hydrochloric acid. 



J. Hargreaves fy T. Robinson. 



Sulphurous acid, steam and air, are made to react upon salt directly, pro- 

 ducing sulphate of soda and hydrochloric acid, without the preliminary 

 manufacture of sulphuric acid. The salt is placed in the iron cylinders, and 

 the mixture of sulphurous acid, air, and steam passed through it. The 

 evolved hydrochloric acid is taken out at the bottom of the cylinders, and 

 conveyed to the condensers. 



2738a. Drawing of Boot's Patent (special) Blower for 



Hargreaves' process in the manufacture of sulphates. 



Thwaites $ Carbutt. 

 S s 2 



