VI. AGRICULTURAL. 663 



to the soil, but which is at other times closed. In front of the shade is a 

 bottle connected by a tube with the bottom of the earthenware lute-vessel, for 

 the collection of the condensed water, which is from time to time withdrawn 

 from the bottle by suction, and returned to the soil. The shade enclosing 

 the pot and plant stands in the groove of a specially made, hard-baked, 

 glazed, stoneware lute-vessel, mercury being the luting material. Carbonic 

 acid is supplied as occasion may require, by adding a measured quantity of 

 hydrochloric acid to the bottle containing fragments of marble, the evolved 

 gas being, as Avill be seen, washed through one of the bottles of sulphuric 

 acid, through the long tube, and through the carbonate of soda solution, 

 before entering the shade. The short leaden pipe, bent and opening down- 

 wards externally to the large stoneware bottle, passes nearly to the bottom 

 of it inside, and is a safety tube for the overflow of the water when the vessel 

 is full, and so to prevent it passing into the wash bottles, &c. When full, 

 the cork near the bottom of the stoneware vessel is withdrawn, and the water 

 flows by means of a drain back into a tank, from which it is pumped into 

 the raised reservoir for re-use. It will be observed that, by the arrangement 

 described, the washed air is forced, not aspirated, through the shade, and the 

 pressure being thus the greater within the vessel, the danger of leakage of 

 unwashed air from without inwards is lessened. In 1857 twelve sets of such 

 apparatus were employed, in 1858 a larger number, some with larger lute- 

 vessels and shades, in 1859 six, and in 1860 also six. The whole were arranged 

 side by side in the open air, on stands of brickAvork, as indicated. 



2744a. Apparatus for Analysing Soil. 



Herr Bela Gonda, Magyar, Ovar, Hungary. 



2744b. Eight Bottles of Specimens illustrating con- 

 stituents of Cotton Fibre and case containing 14 glass bottles. 

 Dr. Schunck, Owen's Coll., Manchester. 



Film of colouring matter mounted between two pieces of glass. 

 Pamphlet on constituents of cotton fibre. 



2534a. Azotometer arranged for the easy and exact determi- 

 nation of the nitrogen contained in the manures employed in 

 agriculture. M. Honzeau, Paris. 



2564. Knop's Improved Azotometer. 



Franz Hugershoff, Leipzig. 



2583. Knop's Azotometer, as modified by Dr. Wagner. 



Ehrhardt and Metzger, Darmstadt* 



Described in '' Zeitschrift fur anylitiche Chemie von Fresenius," IS74, 

 4 Heft; 1876, 3 Heft. 



276Oa. Ebullioscope, for weighing alcohol in wines, Vidal's 

 system, improved. M. MalligandJUs, Paris. 



The improved Ebullioscope of M. Malligand fils, is an instrument for 

 ascertaining easily and correctly, in a few moments, without distillling, and 

 merely by ebullition, the quantity of alcohol contained in dry or sweet wines. 

 It is now used by the Syndical Chamber of the Wine Trade of Paris, who 

 have found the Ebullioscope to be the most practical and most correct instru- 

 ment of all those used hitherto for ascertaining the alcoholic properties of 

 wines. (Sittings of 7th July and 6th October 1874.) 



Declared by the Institute of France to be the best process known hitherto 

 for weighing alcohol in wines. (Report of the Academy of Science, vol. 80, 

 No. 17. Sittings of 3rd May 1875.) 



