668 SEC. 13. CHEMISTRY. 



1762a. Description of Revolving Fuddling Furnace. 



Thomas Russell Crampton. 



The peculiarity of this revolving puddling furnace is that one chamber 

 forms the gas producing, combustion, and working chamber, no separate fire- 

 place, fire-bricks, or fire-bars being employed. The heat being produced 

 without smoke by the automatic injection of powdered fuel and air into 

 the chamber. The whole furnace is protected by water circulating between a 

 double casing. 



Puddle balls of wrought iron up to 30 cwt. can be produced in one mass 

 without fatigue to the men ; the puddling being effected by revolving the 

 furnace mechanically. 



2763. Models to illustrate Dr. C. William Siemens' processes 

 for the production of wrought iron from iron ore, and of cast 

 steel, in large quantities. 



No. 1. Regenerative Gas Rotative Furnace, from which wrought 

 iron is obtained from iron ores mixed with fluxing and carbon- 

 aceous materials by a direct process. The puddled balls thus 

 made may either be shingled and treated for the production of 

 wrought iron, or be transferred to a steel melting furnace for the 

 production of cast steel. 



2. Regenerative Gas Furnace for the production of cast steel 

 in large quantities on the open hearth, from pig iron, puddled 

 blooms, iron or steel scrap, and iron ore. 



Geological Museum, Jermyn Street. 



2 7 84 a. Whit well's Fire-brick Hot Blast Stove or 

 Oven, as specially designed for heating the blast for blast furnaces. 



Thomas Whitivell. 



' This model, to the scale of 1 inch to 1 foot, represents a stove 22 feet 

 diameter x 28' 6" high, capable of heating 8,000 cubic feet of air per 

 minute to a temperature of 1,400-1,450 Fah. during 60 consecutive minutes, 

 after which it is again re-heated by the furnace gases, the combustion and 

 absorption being so perfect that the products of combustion pass off to the 

 chimney at a temperature of 250 Fah. only. These stoves are largely 

 adapted to furnaces making Bessemer pig iron direct, also for anthracite fuel, 

 and the various qualities of charcoal iron, Cleveland, spathic, spiegeleisen, &c. 



The stoves are made of different dimensions to suit situation, but cost from 

 350/. upwards, according to size. Four stoves to the scale of the model make 

 500 tons a week of Bessemer iron with 19 cwt. of coke to the ton of iron. 

 There is no loss of pressure by friction or loss of blast by leakage, and they 

 require only two-thirds the quantity of gas that the ordinary cast-iron pipe 

 system demands. 



2764b. Set of Drawings of two Blast Furnaces, 

 erected at Middlesbrough by Messrs. B. Samuelson and Co., 

 together with the requisite heating stoves, kilns for calcining 

 ironstone, blowing engines, &c. &c. Bernhard Samuelson, M.P. 



The peculiarity is in the large dimensions of the blast furnaces (height 

 from bottom of hearth to charging plate, 85 feet ; diameter of bosh, 28 feet), 

 resulting in a great economy of fuel ; so that after they have been in blast 

 nearly six years the quantity of coke required to produce a ton of No. 1 or 3 

 foundry pig iron is on the average less than 22 cwt. 



