764 SEC. 15. GEOGRAPHY. 



3039a. Collection of Drawings in illustration of the pro- 

 gress in the construction of instruments employed in the science of 

 geodesy, selected from various works published by the contributor. 

 Dr. Wilhelm Tinier, Professor of Practical Geometry at 

 the I. R. Polytechnic Institute, Vienna. 







Illustrations of the Improvements in the construction of Surveyors' or Engineers' 1 



Tables. 



1. Drawing and description of Praetorius's table (1576-1616), after Daniel 

 Schwenter (1623). 



2. Drawing and description of Marinoni's table (1676-1755). 



3. Kraft's table (1827), A., page 334. 



4. Starke's table (1859 and 1873), A., page 336. 



Illustrations of the Improvements in the construction of the appliances of 

 sight required in the use of Surveyors' and Engineers' Tables. 



5. Drawing of a simple alidade for taking the level towards one side, A., 

 p. 340. 



6. Drawing of an alidade for taking the level on both sides, A., p. 340. 



7. Drawing of an alidade with mountain side-vanes, A., p. 340. 



8. Simple perspective index (or ruler), after Sadtler (1816), A., p. 346. 



9. Essentially improved construction of the perspective index, after Kraft 

 (1854), A., p. 352. 



10. Improved construction of the perspective index, after G. Starkc (1867), 

 A. and C., p. 356. 



11. Improved construction of the perspective index, with Stampfer's sur- 

 veying screw, after G. Starke (1832-1869), E., pages 53 and 55. 



Her. Perspective index with turning water-poise (spirit level), after G. 

 Starke (1874), M. 



Illustrations of the Improvements in the Appliances for Heading the 

 Graduated Divisions. 



12. Nunnez, Pedro-Nonius (1497-1577), proposed the employment of 

 auxiliary quadrants, variously divided (1542). 



13. Hommel, John (1518-1562), proposed using transversals for dividing a 

 circle. 



14. Vernier, Pierre (1580-1637), proposed the emploj-ment of Vernier's 

 (Nonius's) graduated scale (1631). 



14A. Ramsden introduced the micrometer (or reading microscope, 1777). 

 A., page 135, and D. 



Theodolites and Universal Instruments. 



15. Simple theodolite for land surveying, after G. Starke. A., page 259. 



16. Repeating theodolite, after G. Staike. A., page 273. 



17. Astronomical universal instrument, after G. Starke. A., page 133. 



18. Astronomical universal instrument, after G. Starke. E., page 39. 



19. Astronomical universal instrument, with telescope in the axis for 

 travelling purposes, after G. Starke. E., page 41. 



20. Transit instrument, after G. Starke. A., page 212. 



Ilhistrations of the Improvements in the Construction of the Hydromctrical 



Vane. 



21. Oldest construction, after Woltmann (1790). 



22. Improved construction, after Sadtler and Kraft. 



