OF THE 



UNIVERSITY 

 University oNfafegffiyi^^New York 



New York State Museum 



FREDERICK ]. H. MERRILL Director 

 JOHN M. CLARKE State Paleontologist 



Bulletin 65 

 PALEONTOLOGY 8 



bATALOGUK; OF" 



TYPE SPECIMENS OF PALEOZOIC FOSSILS 



IN 



NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



BY JOHN M. CLARKE 



with the assistance of 

 RUDOLF RUEDEMANN 



PREFACE 



The type specimens of natural objects, that is the actual material on 

 which published descriptive accounts and discussions have been based, 

 constitute the unique treasures of a museum. Such objects once lost or 

 destroyed, replacement is impossible. Howsoever imperfect or frag- 

 mentary the type or original specimen may be, of however superior qual- 

 ity some other example of the same creature, the second can not serve to 

 scientific students the function of the first. The type specimen is the 

 basis of comparison and reference for all time. 



Efforts have been made by various writers to classify such type speci- 

 mens according to the particular part they have played in the original 

 description of the organic group to which they appertain, species, genus 

 or family. Such type specimen, using the term loosely, may be the 

 actual specimen from which the original description was drawn or one of 

 several such specimens (type) ; or it may have served for a later illustra- 

 tion and description of the species, either by its own or some other 

 author (hypotype). These distinctions are recpgnized in this catalogue, 

 but it has not seemed practicable to enter into a more refined subdivision 

 of types by the employment of other designations (e. g. cotype, geno- 

 type, topotype, etc.). Plastic reproductions of types or hypotypes are 

 distinguished by the prefix plasto, thus: plastotype, hypoplastotype . Such 

 objects have been listed here. 



The publication of the Palaeontology of New York and the extensive 

 list of papers accessory and supplementary thereto have given birth to a 



1 II 



