THE OX AND THE DAIEY. 35 



the chest ; the breast should be at least moderately broad and 

 prominent, with a small dewlap ; the chine should be full and 

 fleshy ; the ribs well arched, and the chest barrelled ; the 

 back straight, the shoulders fine, the loins wide, the hips well 

 formed and rounded, the rump long ; the udder should be 

 moderate, with a fine skin, and of equal size both before and 

 behind ; the teats should not be too large or lax, and they 

 should be equi-distant from each other If the vascular 

 system be well developed, the milk-vein, as it is termed, is 

 generally large ; and though this vein is not connected with 

 the udder, but carries the blood from the foreparts to the 

 inguinal vein, still it has been taken, and with some justice, 

 as the criterion of a good milker. The eyes should be clear, 

 calm, and tranquil, indicative of a gentle temper ; the skin 

 thin, but mellow ; and the hair soft. Cows thus admirably 

 formed will often yield from twenty to twenty-four quarts of 

 milk daily, and some, in the spring time, in good pasturage, 

 even thirty, or more. The milk may, perhaps, yield less 

 butter in proportion than that of some other breeds of cattle ; 

 but it would appear that, as the cow advances in age to her 

 sixth and seventh year, the milk becomes richer ; and it is well 

 known that the extensive dairymen of London prefer a cow 

 which has had a third or fourth calf, and is five or six years 

 old, to a younger animal. 



We are perfectly aware that Mr. Culley (Observations on 

 Live Stock) considers it as an impossibility to unite good 

 milkers with good feeders ; for, he says, whenever we attempt 

 both, we are sure to get neither in perfection : " In propor- 

 tion as we gain the one, in the same proportion we lose the 

 other : the more milk, the less beef ; and the more we pursue 

 beef, the less milk we get. In truth, they seem to be two dif- 

 ferent varieties of the same kind, for very different uses ; and 

 if so, they ought most certainly to be differently pursued by 

 those who employ them. If the dairyman wants milk, let 

 him pursue the milking tribe ; let him have both bull and 

 cows of the best and greatest milking family he can find ; on 

 the contrary, he that wants feeding or grazing cattle, let him 

 procure a bull and cows of that sort which feed the quickest, 

 wherever they are to be found. By pursuing too many objects 

 at once, we are apt to lose sight of the principal ; and by aim- 

 ing at too much, we often lose all. Let us only keep to dis- 

 tinct sorts, and we shall obtain the prize in due time. I 

 apprehend it has been much owing to the mixing of breeds 



