46 THE OX AND THE DAIRY. 



fodder. In the north of Sweden the reindeer takes the place 

 both of the horse and the ox. 



In Denmark, a superior race of cattle exists ; to the rearing 

 of these, as well as of horses, sheep, and swine, great atten- 

 tion is paid. The horned cattle, are, indeed, reared on an 

 extensive scale, chiefly with a view to the produce of butter 

 and cheese, and for salted meat. The stock of horned cattle, 

 of all ages, has been estimated at 1,607,000, and the number 

 exported averages yearly about 20,800 oxen, 6800 cows, and 

 5760 calves. Of butter alone upwards of eleven millions of 

 pounds weight is the annual average export ; and of cheese 

 about 9200 cwt. Lard, salt meat, and hides are also exported 

 in great quantities. Desmarest says, that some of the cows 

 from Denmark, which are fed in the rich pastures of Holland, 

 give from eighteen to twenty pints (French measure) of milk 

 daily 



In the Austrian states, the Hungarian breed of cattle is 

 common, great numbers being driven from the vast plains 

 on which they are bred, and sold to the farmers and graziers. 



In Lower Saxony, Westphalia, and other districts in 

 Germany, a fine breed of cattle, with short horns, prevails. 

 This breed is nearly allied to the Friesland stock and our 

 own Holderness short-horned cattle. They are of various 

 colours ; but mouse-colour, or fawn intermingled with white, 

 are the most common. Bed cows of this breed are less 

 frequently to be met with. " They are good milkers in 

 moderate pastures, and the oxen fatten readily when grazed 

 or stall-fed at a proper age. They are fine in the horn and 

 bone, and wide in the loins ; but they are not considered so 

 hardy and strong for labour as the Hungarian oxen. If 

 prejudice did not make the breeders select the calves with 

 large bone and coarse features, to rear as bulls, in preference 

 to those which resemble the cows, this breed would in every 

 respect equal our best short-horns. The cows are frequently 

 fattened while still in milk, and are fit for the butcher by the 

 time they are dry. The same system is followed by some of 

 the great milkmen in the neighbourhood of London, with 

 their large Holderness cows. This breed is much esteemed 

 in all the northern parts of Europe." It extends into 

 Denmark, and is reared on the plains of Jutland ; it is also 

 spread in Prussia and Hanover. 



In Groningen, Friesland, Guelderland, Utrecht, and 

 Holland, a fine short-horned race of cattle, differing little 

 from the preceding race, has long existed; indeed, Bewick calls 



