50 THE OX AND THE DAIRY. 



Another stock, which we may term original, is represented 

 by the cattle of Devonshire, Herefordshire, Wales, and the 

 Scottish Highlands. In this stock, varying in stature accord- 

 ing to climate and pasturage, the horns are of moderate size, 

 fine, well-turned and sharp-pointed; the limbs are clean, the 

 figure compact, and the expression animated ; the oxen fatten 

 readily, and the cows yield rich milk. To this stock the wild 

 cattle of Chillingham evidently belong, and perhaps represent 

 it in its pristine purity. 



Of the antiquity of these two very distinct races there is no 

 doubt, and it is not improbable that the latter was from the 

 earliest times more exclusively confined to the hilly and 

 mountain districts, while the long-horned breed occupied the 

 low flat lands, and the midland counties. Besides these two 

 races we have an ancient stock of polled cattle (if indeed it is 

 distinct from the middle-horned stock) represented by the 

 Galloway and Angus ox, generally black, of which vast num- 

 bers are depastured in Norfolk and Suffolk, where a polled 

 breed, more or less directly sprung from the Galloway, now 

 prevails. To this stock the semi-wild cattle of Chatelherault 

 Park, Lanarkshire, belonging to the Duke of Hamilton, ap- 

 pear to approximate. These feral cattle are larger and more 

 robust than the Chillingham ; the body is dun white, the 

 inside of the ears, the muzzle and hoofs, black instead of red, 

 and the forepart of the leg, from the knee downwards, is 

 mottled more or less with black ; the roof of the mouth and 

 the tongue are black, or largely spotted with black. The 

 cows, and also the bulls, are generally polled or hornless. 

 As we have observed, the polled cattle of Galloway are black, 

 and in these dun cattle of Chatelherault Park, the black 

 shows itself, as if to proclaim what was the original colour : 

 the inside of the ears of the Chillingham wild cattle are red. 

 With respect to the short-horned breed, or the Durham and 

 Holderness stock, often called the Dutch or Holstein, we have 

 already expressed an opinion that it is not of ancient British 

 origin, but that it is from a race spread over the north-western 

 portion of the continent, and prevalent in Guelderland, 

 Utrecht, Holland, &c. There is, in fact, a tradition that the 

 short-horned breed was introduced into Holderness about the 

 middle or close of the seventeenth century. 



The Alderney race of cattle is confessedly of French origin, 

 and numbers are still imported from Normandy. Though 

 often kept in parks and pleasure grounds, few professed 

 farmers, except in Hampshire, esteem these cattle ; for though 



