THE OX AND THE DAIRY. 91 



on better land, become quickly fattened. Numbers are sent 

 to the London market. 



In Monmouthshire, now an English county, the Glamor- 

 gan cattle prevailed, and still occupy the hills ; in the vales, 

 Herefords are prevalent, and cows from the rich tracts of 

 Gloucester, these being esteemed for their milk. In some 

 parts Durham short-horns have been introduced, and also the 

 Ayrshire breed : but, of late years, many Irish cattle, and 

 those not excellent, have been imported ; their low price 

 tempting purchasers, to the injury of the native breeders. 



Many cattle are bred in Kadnorshire : the principal breed 

 is a cross between the Pembroke and Hereford. The colour 

 is red or brindled, with a white face. The characteristics of 

 this cross are, a good figure, a moderate size, and a readiness 

 to fatten when removed from the coarse mountain-pastures 

 to the feeding districts of England. Droves of these cattle 

 are sent to the pasture-lands of the counties of Oxford, Lei- 

 cester, Northampton, &c., whence they find their way to the 

 London market. For the dairy the old unimproved breed is 

 preferred, the strain of the Herefords tending to the diminu- 

 tion of the quantity of the milk, while it improves size and 

 aptitude to fatten. 



In Montgomeryshire there are two varieties of cattle : those 

 in the mountains are small, short-legged, of a red colour, with 

 dusky faces, indifferent in figure, but hardy, and tolerable 

 milkers yet not without an aptitude to fatten. Those in the 

 rich vale of the Severn and its tributaries are not unlike the 

 Devons : of a brown colour, excepting a white line down the 

 abdomen, with slender well-turned horns. The cows are 

 tolerable milkers, and the oxen fatten readily. In this part 

 of the county excellent cheese is made. Many Herefords are 

 grazed in the pasture-lands. 



In Denbighshire and Flintshire the dairy is much at- 

 tended to, and both butter and excellent cheese are produced. 

 In the former county black cattle occupy the hills ; but in 

 the vales a mixed breed, in which the strain of the long-horn 

 is evident, chiefly prevails. In Flintshire, indeed, the cattle, 

 though generally excellent both for the dairy-farmer and 

 the grazier, are of no definite breed : they are the results of 

 various crossings, many resembling the ordinary cattle of 

 Cheshire. 



In Merionethshire, Carnarvonshire, and the Isle of Angle- 



