112 THE OX AND THE DAIRY. 



they are of considerable size, fatten readily, accumulating 

 flesh on the best parts ; they are less wild than the horned 

 black cattle, and less quarrelsome, and, under certain circum- 

 stances, as on ship-board, may be packed somewhat closer 

 than the others. 



A well-bred Galloway ox is of admirable form : all is 

 close and compact ; the barrel is rounded and ribbed home 

 to the hip-bones ; the chest is deep, the shoulders thick and 

 broad ; the neck short and thick ; the head clean ; the back 

 straight and broad ; the limbs short, but extremely muscular; 

 the skin moderate, but mellow, and well covered with long 

 soft hair that on the ears, which are large, is peculiarly 

 rough and long. 



In the bull, the head is heavy, the neck thick, and boldly 

 erected above ; the frontal crest or ridge is elevated and 

 covered with long hair ; and the general form is robust, with 

 great depth of chest and roundness of barrel. 



.The cow is much lighter, but yet presents those points 

 which attract the regard of the grazier. As a milker, she is 

 inferior ; for though her milk is rich, it is deficient in quan- 

 tity, and on the average, will not amount to more than six or 

 eight quarts per day, during the summer months, after which 

 it rapidly diminishes. This inferiority, as it respects milk, is 

 of little importance to the Galloway farmer, his chief pursuit 

 being the rearing of grazing stock ; consequently, as a rule, 

 he never kills his calves, but looks to profit from them at a 

 future day. These are generally dropped at the latter part of 

 winter, or very early in spring, and are permitted access to 

 the mother, at certain times daily, as long as she continues 

 in milk. For the first five months the dairy-maid and the 

 calf, morning and evening, divide the contents of the udder 

 pretty equally between them ; after this period, when the calf 

 begins to graze, its allowance is diminished, till, the cow dry- 

 ing, this supply is of course stopped altogether. During the 

 winter, the young animal is housed at night, and fed upon 

 hay, turnips, and potatoes, with a liberal hand. 



Of the calves bred, a few of the most promising females 

 only are reserved as breeders, other females are rendered 

 sterile ; heifers in this condition fatten with great rapidity, 

 arrive very early at maturity, and as their meat is deemed 

 peculiarly delicate, sell for good prices. Some of these 

 heifers have attained to singular weights for their stature, 

 one of great beauty, called the Queen of the Scots, fed in 



