120 THE OX AND THE DAIRY. 



the introduction and spread of the Durham and Yorkshire 

 short-horns ; nor must we overlook the Devon breed, which 

 by many landed proprietors in Norfolk is highly esteemed. 

 It is by Devon oxen that the farm-labour in Norfolk is per- 

 formed, as far, at least, as these animals are employed ; and 

 Devon cows are much used for the purpose of the dairy. 



In Suffolk a breed of polled cattle, known by the name of 

 Suffolk duns, has been long celebrated ; though the dun colour 

 is now by no means a common character; indeed it is not 

 preferred ; for with late improvements other colours, as red, 

 red and white, brindled, and yellowish or creamy white, have 

 almost abolished the dun. There can be little doubt but that 

 the polled Suffolk cattle owe their origin to the Galloways; 

 not that they are of the pure strain of the Galloways : on the 

 contrary, they are the result of interbreedings with them ; and 

 their chief qualifications are as milkers, rather than feeders ; 

 although, in this latter respect, even the lean cows when dried 

 show no little of the properties of their Galloway progenitors. 

 A good Suffolk milking cow is lean and spare, with a light 

 thin head, a clean neck, and little dewlap ; slender, but short 

 limbs ; a heavy and well-ribbed carcass, a large udder, and 

 swollen milk-veins. Generally the hip-bones are high and 

 prominent, the loins narrow, and the chine hollow. There is 

 in all this nothing of the true Galloway contour, and where 

 the points characteristic of this breed prevail, though but in 

 an inferior degree, the animal is fitter for the feeder than the 

 dairyman. 



Few cattle excel the Suffolk as milkers ; a good cow, in the 

 plenitude of her milk, will often yield six gallons a day ; some 

 have even yielded eight : nor is the milk destitute of richness, 

 especially when the animals have good pasturage. Mr. Culley, 

 who says that the best butter and worst cheese are made in 

 Suffolk, gives the following summary as the yearly produce of 

 one of these cows, which, " like all other deep milkers, are 

 very lean, very plain, and very big-bellied." He quotes 

 Mr. Young as his authority: 



s. d. 



Three firkins of butter (one firkin ^ cwt.) 416 



Three quarters of a wey of cheese . 140 



A hog 100 



A calf 10 07 10 if 



He adds, that the weight of this breed of cattle is, on an 

 average, about fifty stones. 



